History of Medicine-Aliyah Martinez

By Aliyah Martinez
  • 4000 BCE

    Primitive Times

    Primitive Times
    • illness or diseases were caused but evil spirits and demons. Or were a punishment from God
    • Witch doctors treated illnesses
    • Herbs and plants used as medicine
    • Trepanation used (surgically removing a piece of the skull)
    • Average life span was 20 years
  • 3000 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    Ancient Egyptians
    • Physicians were priest
    • Health records were first recorded
    • Bloodletting or leches used as treatment
    • Average life span 20-30 years
  • 1700 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Ancient Chinese
    • Believed you needed to treat the body as a whole
    • Recorded pharmacopoeia of medications mostly based on herbs
    • Used acupuncture
    • Began to search for medical reasons for illness
    • Average life span of 20-30 years
  • 1200 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    Ancient Greeks
    • Physicians such as Hippocrates
    • First to observe the human body and effects of disease
    • Believed illness was of natural causes
    • Used therapies such as message
    • Stressed diet and hygiene
    • Average life span 25-35 years
  • 753 BCE

    Ancient Roman

    Ancient Roman
    • First to organize medical care by treating injured soldiers
    • Later hospitals were religious and charitable
    • First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
    • Belief that the body was regulated by four main humors: Blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
    • Life span 25-35 years
  • 400

    The Dark Ages

    The Dark Ages
    • Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
    • Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease
    • Monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people
    • Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
    • Average life span was 20-30 years
  • 800

    Middle Ages

    Middle Ages
    • Renewed interest in medical practices of Greeks and Romans
    • Bubonic Plague, 1300s killed 75% of the population in Europe and Asia
    • Major diseases included smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
    • Medical universities were established in the 9th century
    • Arabs began requiring physicians to pass an exam to be licensed
    • Average life span 20-35 years
  • 1350

    Renaissance

    Renaissance
    • Rebirth of Science of Medicine
    • Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
    • Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
    • First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
    • Average life span was 30-40 years
  • 1501

    16th and 17th Century

    16th and 17th Century
    • Knowledge regarding the human body Greatly increased
    • Invention of the microscope
      • Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
        • Huge advancement
    • Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
    • Average life span 35-45 years
  • 1510

    1510-1590

    1510-1590
    Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding

  • 1686-1736

    1686-1736
    Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer

  • 18th Century

    18th Century
    • Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
    • Average life span 40-50 years

  • 1728-1793

    1728-1793
    John Hunter, established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding

  • Smallpox Vaccine

    Smallpox Vaccine
    Smallpox vaccine discovered

  • 1816

    1816
    Invention of the stethoscope

  • 1893

    1893
    First open heart surgery

  • 19th Century

    19th Century
    • Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
    • Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
    • Formal training for nurses began
    • Women became active participants in health care
    • Average life span 40-60 years

  • 20th Century

    20th Century
    Increased knowledge about the role of blood in the body
    - ABO blood groups discovered
    - Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
    - The structure of DNA and research in gene therapy
    - New medications were developed
    - Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
    - Antibiotics developed to fight infections

    - New machines developed
    - X-Ray
    - Kidney Dialysis Machine
    - Heart Lung Machine
    - Can cure once fatal conditions

  • 20th Century Vaccines

    20th Century Vaccines
    • Diptheria – 1921
    • Tuberculosis – 1925
    • Pertussis – 1927
    • Typhus – 1937
    • Influenza – 1945
    • Oral Polio – 1962
    • Measles – 1963
    • Mumps – 1967
    • Rubella – 1970
    • Chicken Pox – 1974
    • Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
    • Meningitis – 1978
    • Hepatitis B – 1981
    • Hepatitis A – 1992
    • Lyme Disease – 1998
    • Rotavirus - 1998

  • 20th Century

    20th Century
    First Bone marrow transplant

  • Organ Transplant

    Organ Transplant
    Kidney - 1960
    Liver & Heart - 1963
    Heart – 1967
    Implanted first artificial heart - 1982

  • 20th Century

    20th Century
    First ever test tube baby

  • 21st Century

    21st Century
    Face Transplants

  • 21st Century

    21st Century
    Human Genome Project
    Map out human diseases in an effort to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases
    Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
    Re-Create lost/damaged tissue
    Advances in HIV Medication
    Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease
    Targeted Cancer Therapies
    Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
    Identify and kill the cancer cells
    Laparoscopic Surgery
    Minimal Invasive Surgery
    Smoke Free Laws
    Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke

  • 21st Century

    21st Century
    The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky.

  • 21st Century Vaccines

    21st Century Vaccines
    HPV - 2006
    - Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
    - Prevent Cervical Cancer
    Malaria – 2015
    Ebola - 2015