History of Medicine- Adaly Ceja Paredes

Primitive Times

4000 BCE

*Tribal doctor treated illness with ceremonies
*They would use plants and herbs as a medicine
*The average lifespan was about 20 years
*They thought illnesses were caused by evil spirits or that you were punished by the gods
* they would remove a piece of the skull to try and heal the illness

Ancient Egyptians

3000 BCE

*the priest were the physicians
-health care was first reported by the ancient Egyptians
*Bloodletting and leeches were used as a medical treatment
* the average life time increased 10 more years (20-30 years)

Ancient Chinese

1700 BCE

• Average life span was 20-30 years *Started searching for medical reasons for illness *Believed that curing the spirit and nourishing the whole body will treat the whole body
• used acupuncture as therapies

Ancient Greeks

1200 BCE

*Average life span increased (25-35 years)
*Hippocrates( father of medicine)
-believed illness was a result of natural causes
-used therapies like massages, herbal treatment, and art therapy
* used a stressed diet,hygiene, and exercise as a way to prevent diseases

Ancient Romans

753 BCE

*life span was 25-35 years
*first to organize medical care by providing care for the injured soldiers
*Established beliefs that the body was regulated by body humors such as black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm
*first public health and sanitation systems by building sewers

Dark ages

400

*prayer and divine were used to treat illness and diseases
*average life span was 20-30 years
*priests and monks provided custodial care for sick people that needed it
*Disease Cause was still blamed on circumstances, but with no understanding
medications were mostly herbal mixtures

Middle Ages

800

-Average life span was 20-35 years
*Universities for medical care were built
*In Europe and Asia the Bubonic Plague killed about 75% of the population
*Smallpox, diphtheria tuberculosis, and malaria were some of the major diseases
*Arabs began requiring physicians pass and making sure they obtain a license to do any medical care

Renaissance

1350

*Rebirth of Science of Medicine
*The first anatomy book was published
-Life span was 30-40 years
* The disease causes were still a mystery
* Invention of printing press allowed some medical knowledge to be shared to the people

16th and 17th centuries

1600

*knowledge of the human body increased a lot
*the microscope was invented
-Average life span was 35-45 years
*A lot of people died from infections but causes of the diseases was still unknown
*Apothecaries( pharmacists) made, sold, and prescribed medications

18th century

1800

*Benjamin Franklin invented the bifocals
*discovered a vaccine for the smallpox
*Gabriel Fahrenheit created the mercury thermometer
-Average life span was 40-50 years

19th century

1900

• X-Ray machines were invented *Had there first open heart surgery *training for nurses began which also included women *invented the first stethoscope -Average life span was 40-60 years

20th century

2000

• Blood groups were discovered (found out how white blood cells protect against diseases) *New machines started to get developed such as the Heart Lung Machine and the Kidney Dialysis Machine Structure of the DNA was discovered and research in gene therapy started *First bone marrow transplant happened -organ transplants *figured out how to make test tube babies *Multiple vaccines were developed

21st century

2100

*Targeted cancer therapies (identify and kill cancer cells)
*Laparoscopic surgery happened
-Minimal Invasive Surgery
*Smoke free laws happened
*advances in the HIV medications
*Rapid advances in Steam Cell Research(re-create lost and, or damaged tissues
*More vaccines were found
*Face Transplants started
*The Human Genome Project was completed
-Mapped out the human diseases
*First implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient