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policing in london.
the period from 1674 to 1913 witnessed the transformation of policing in london from a system that relied on private indiviuals and even a part time officals through the development. -
Slave Patrol
The first formal slave patrol was created in the carolina colonies in 1704. Slave patrols had three primary functions to chase down, apprehend, and return to their owners, runaway slaves. -
Development of police
the first professional police force was in the UK funded by local taxation which was set up in glasgow in 1800. -
Day Watch
In philadelphia organized an independent, 24 hour police force. The Boston police force was established, with a day police and night watch working independently. -
First merican police force
In 1838, the city of Boston established the first American police force, followed by New York City in 1845, Albany, NY and Chicago in 1851, New Orleans and Cincinnati in 1853, Philadelphia in 1855, and Newark, NJ and Baltimore in 1857 (Harring 1983, Lundman 1980; Lynch 1984). By the 1880s all major U.S. cities had municipal police forces in place -
Data
By 1921 Vollmer was advocating the widespread use of lie detectors and the establishment of a database for collecting national crime data -
Political changes
By the 1960s, massive social and political changes were occurring in the United States. The civil rights movement was challenging white hegemony in the South and racist social policies in the North. -
Organizing police
Aided by court rulings more favorable to the organizing of public employees; fueled by resentment of the authoritarian organization of departments; and united in a common resistance to increasing charges of police brutality, corruption and other forms of misconduct, nearly every large-city police department had been unionized by the early 1970s. -
Communtiy policing
By the 1980s many police departments had begun to consider a new strategy, community policing. Community policing emphasized close working relations with the community, police responsiveness to the community, and common efforts to alleviate a wide variety of community problems, many of which were social in nature.