-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early beginnings
-
3900 BCE
Disease caused by?
They believed that diseases were caused by supernatural spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick?
Doctors used to try and exorcise the evil spirits out and used to cut holes in skulls to let them out -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis today is given in a pill form but in olden day people used to chew foxglove plant leaves to strengthen and slow the heart.
Quinine comes from cinchona tree bark and can control fevers, relieves muscle spasms and prevents malaria.
Belladonna and atropine are found in the poisonous nightshade plant and relieves muscle spasms.
Morphine is made in the opium poppy plant and relieves severe pain. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399 BCE
Ancient times
-
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
The Egyptians were the first to keep accurate health records. The priests were the physicians. The used medicine for disease and bloodletting for disorders. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
They were the first to discover and use acupuncture. They used stone tools to treat illnesses and disease. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
They were the first to think of diseases as natural rather than spiritual. Religious custom didn’t allow bodies to be dissected. Hippocrates based his knowledge of the human body on the external body and kept careful notes on symptoms and disease and with these notes discovered that they were caused naturally. -
100
Ancient Romans
The romans were the first to try and sanitize themselves by wearing masks with spice filled beaks and by separating the sick from the healthy. They also organized medicine by giving medical equipment to physicians. They also started making hospitals for the sick. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
-
500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
The romans were taken over by the Huns and they had no interest in studying medicine because of their religious beliefs. -
700
How do they treat disease?
The primary treatment was prayer. Medicine consisted of herbal mixtures and care was custodial. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle age
-
1100
Epidemics
Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period. The Black Death caused 60 million deaths alone. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Rebirth?
During this time people started studying medicine again by opening universities and medical schools. They also allowed dissection. The development of the printing press also helped make books more readily available. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
He studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabriele fallopius
He discovered Fallopian tubes -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
He discovered the tube from the ear to the throat -
William Harvey
He used knowledge of physiology to describe the circulation of blood and the heart -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope and found life smaller than the eye can see. -
Apothecaries
They were early pharmacies and started trading drugs and spices -
Period: to
18th century
-
Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals and that colds can be spread from person to person -
Medical students learning
Now students not only attended lectures but also stayed bedside with patients and dissected bodies. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered oxygen and that plants replace lost air -
Edward Jenner
He discovered the smallpox vaccine -
Rene laennec
He invented the stethoscope to help study the heart and lungs -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
He discovered the cause of childbed fever -
Florence Nightngale
She brought women to the nursing profession and started the nightngale school of nursing -
Louis Pasteur
He discovered microorganisms and that they cause diseases -
Dmitri Ivanovski
He discovered viruses -
Joseph lister
First doctor to use antiseptics during surgery -
Ernst von bergmann
He discovered asepsis -
Robert Koch
He discovered many disease causing organisms -
Paul ehrlich
He discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms -
Wilhelm roentgen
He discovered x-rays -
Anesthesia
Patients were drunk or even nocked unconscious before anesthesia. After the discovery of anesthesia patient survival rates increased. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
He discovered penicillin -
Sigmund Freud
He discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the brain -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds -
Jonas Salk
He discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to polio -
Albert Sabin
He found a better vaccine that uses a live polio virus which is in use today -
Francis Crick and James Watson
They discovered the double helix shape of molecular dna and won a Nobel prize -
Christian Barnard
He performed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
He specializes in separating Siamese twins and hemispherectomies -
Online documents
Now we don’t have to have folders and folders of paperwork because now we have online records to keep everything organized -
Telemedicine
Now when you need a check up you can do virtual visits so that you don’t have to leave your house -
Free healthcare
While not in the U.S. many places are offering free healthcare which helps in many ways. It decreases the severity of issues because people don’t wait to have enough money for the bill -
Technology
While in many cases technology isn’t being tested enough, the ones that are create a large difference in quality of care -
Mental health of healthcare workers
There has been a trend of helping healthcare workers have less burnout rates and better mental health in general like making the USMLE step 1 pass or fail which helps medical students have lower burnout rates. -
Period: to
21th centuries