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Supernatural Spirits -
Cerimonies to exorcise evil spirits -
Digitalis - From plant called Foxglove. Can be taken by pill or injection and is used to treat heart conditions.
Quinine - From bark of Cinchona trees. Used to treat fevers, muscle spasms, and helps protect from malaria.
Belladona & Atropine - Made by poisonous plant called Nightshade. Treats muscle spasms, especially GI pain (Gastrointestinal).
Morphine - Made from Opium Poppy. Treats severe pain and is addicting. Used as last resort. -
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Health Records - First people to keep accurate records on health.
Who are Physicians - Priests took the place of the Physicians.
How did they Heal - Medicines were used to heal diseases, they splinted fractures, and leeches were used for disorders. -
Development of Acupuncture - First to use Acupuncture. They used stone tools to treat illness and disease. -
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual - First to study causes of disease. Determined that diseases were caused by nature instead of spirits.
Dissection - Becasue of religous beliefs, bodies were not allowed to be dissected.
Hippocrates - The father of medicine, knowledge from observing anatomy and physiology. -
Sanitation Systems - Learned that many diseases were cause by the lack of sanitation. Build Aqueducts to bring in clean water.
Organize Medical Care - Romans were the first to organize medical care.
Hospital Development - Roman physicians kept rooms in their homes for healthcare which acted as the hospitals. -
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Roman empire was overtaken by the Huns and all healthcare stopped. Medicine was only practiced in convents and monasteries. -
The primary treatment was prayer because the monks and preists said everything was in gods hands. -
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The Bubonic Plague wiped out 60 million people. Nowadays epedemics aren’t as life threatening because of vaccines and medication. -
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Universities - They began building universities so people could study healthcare.
Dissection - Dissection was approved for research.
Books - Books were created to allow access of knowledge for research. -
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Studied the anatomy of the human body. -
Descovered fallopian tubes in the female body. -
Descovered tube from ears to throat (Eustachio Tube). -
Used knowledge to better understand physiology. Describes the circulation of blood flow in the human body and heart beats. -
Invented the microscope and discovered there was life the human eye couldn’t see without the microscope. -
Early pharmacies developed and were called Apothecaries. In England these were used to trade drugs and spices from the east. -
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Discovered bifocals and found that colds were contageous from person to person. -
Many discoveries were made that required the teaching of medicine. Students attended lectures and laboratory, and also obserevd patients bedside. When a patient died they were able to dissect and observe the human body & its diseases. -
Discovered the element of oxygen and that plants replenish oxygen in the air without it which was used for respiration. -
Discovreed vaccine for smallpox which saved millions of lives. This also lead to immunization. -
Invented the stethoscope. First one was made of wood and it increased the ability to be able to hear the heart and lungs which helped discovering when diseases were present. -
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Discovered the cause of childbed fever. Found that physicians weren’t washing their hands or aprons between patients. This is what made healthcare require hand washing. -
Attracted well educated women to attend Nightingale school for nursing. This raised the profession of nursing. -
The father of microbiology. Found that microorganisms were everywhere and caused disease. Discovered that heated milk prevented the growth of bacteria. He also created the vaccine for rabies. -
Discovered that some diseases were caused by microorganisms and couldn’t be studied until the electron microscope was invented in Germany. -
Used carbolic acid to kill germs on wounds that caused infection. First to use an antiseptic during surgery which prevented infection in the incision. -
Made asepsis and discovered a way to make the surgical area germ free before and during surgery. -
Discovered disease causing organisms and developed culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacteria that caused tuberculosis. -
Found the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. Effective on killing some microorganisms but not on bacteria. Lead to chemicals fighting disease. He completed 606 experiments to treat syphilis before it worked. -
Discovered x rays and took the first ever x ray of his wife’s hand. Lead to knowing what was wrong with patients easier. -
Before this time, people used alcohol and many other things to treat pain such as herbs. Pain was a serious issue in surgery until anesthesia was made to put patients under in surgery. -
Discovered that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria. This was named one of the most important discoveries in the 20th century. -
Discovered unconsciousness and consciousness states. HE also studied the effects of both of those. His studies were based on psychology and psychiatry. -
Discovered sulfonamide which was effective on killing deadly diseases. -
Found that a dead polio virus caused immunity to poliomyelitis which paralyzed many every year and was made into a vaccine. -
Used a live polio virus in vaccine and discovered it to be more effective. -
Discovered the structure of DNA based on double helix. Showed that DNA replicates and how hereditary information is passed down which won them the peace prize. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant. -
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Instead of the emergency dose of epinephrine, they created an immunotherapy drug which helps build up the tolerance to peanuts. -
Medicine that strengthens your bones which could prevent future breaks. -
Unfortunately, infection remained a potential issue for these heart device patients as long as it was implanted. Now, antibiotic envelopes will encase these devices, preventing infection. -
ATTR-CM is a progressive cardiovascular disorder which is underdiagnosed, and potentially fatal disease that had no medication or other successful treatment option until 2020. -
Remote monitoring for pacemakers make it easier to retrieve pacemaker data.