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Evil Spirits -
Blood letting
Prayer and Devine intervention
Exorcism -
Digitalis- treats heart conditions
Quinine- controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria
Belladonna- relieves muscle spasm
Morphine- treats severe pain -
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The Egyptians were the first people to keep accurate Health records
In the Egyptian culture, the priests acted as physicians. They used medicines to heal disease, learned the art of splinting fractures, and treated disorders by bloodletting with the use of leeches -
The ancient Chinese, were the first to use primitive acupuncture therapies
They learned how to treat a variety of diseases and illnesses with stone tools
Their methods developed into the advanced practice of Chinese acupuncture, still commonly used today -
The ancient Greeks were the first to study the causes of disease and to determine that illness may have natural, rather than spiritual, causes. During ancient times they didn’t allow bodies to be dissected. The father of medicine, Hippocrates, they wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates. -
The ancient Romans were the first to organize medical care
Roman physicians kept a room in their house for the ill. This was the beginning of hospitals. The Romans learned from the Greeks and developed a sanitation system to prevent disease. They brought clean water to cities using waterways, they built sewers, and public baths with filtering. -
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When Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns, the study of medicine stopped. -
The primary treatment was prayer
Their medicines consisted of herbal mixtures -
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Terrible epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period of time
Some epidemics include bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis -
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The renaissance period saw the rebirth of learning. There were many developments during this period of time including, the building of universities and medical schools for research, the acceptance of dissection of the human body for study, the creation of the printing press and the publishing of books -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
Gabriele Fallopius discover the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy -
Bartolommeo Eustachio discover the tube leading from the ear to the throat called the Eustachian tube -
William Harvey was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope, he scraped his teeth and found the bacteria that cause tooth decay using the microscope -
Apothecaries also know as early pharmacies started in this time. -
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Benjamin’s Franklins discoveries include bifocals, and he found that colds could be passed from person to person -
Students not only attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory but also observed patients at the bedside when a patient died they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process. This lead to a better understanding of the cause of illness and death. -
Joseph Priestley discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration -
Edward Jenner discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. His discovery saved millions of lives. -
René Laënnec invented the stethoscope. It increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to determine if disease was present. -
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Florence nightingale attracted well-educated, dedicated women to the Nightingale School of Nursing. -
Ignaz Semmelweis identified the cause of childbed fever, and championed the idea of cleanliness and hand-washing -
Louis Pasteur known as the “Father of Microbiology,” discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He also discovered Pasteurization and he created a vaccine for rabies. -
Dmitri Ivanovski discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope. They are called viruses. -
Joseph Lister became the first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. Using an antiseptic during surgery helped prevent infection in the incision. -
Ernst con Bergmann developed asepsis. He developed a method to keep and area germ-free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch discovered many disease-causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method. He also introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. -
Paul Ehrlich discover the effect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms. His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease. He also found a chemical that treated syphilis -
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays. His discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and helped them discover what was wrong with the patient. -
Early physicians used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve pain of surgery. They even choked patients to stop pain. During the 19th and 20th centuries, nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered. These drugs have the ability to put people into a deep sleep so that they do not experience pain during surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria. The discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. -
Sigmund Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He determined that the mind and body work together. Who studies for the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
Gerhard Domagk discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. It was a feared disease, and the discovery of the vaccine saved many people from death or crippling. -
Albert Sabin used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. The vaccine is used to immunize babies against this dreaded disease. -
Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on its known double helix. Their model serve to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. -
Christian Bernard performed the first successful heart transplant. -
Ben Carson was the first neurosurgeon to successfully separate conjoined twins. Today, he continues to be a pioneer in separating conjoined twins and performing hemispherectomies. -
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- The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient
- The ability to reattach severed body parts
- The ability to 3D print body parts
- The ability to use noninvasive techniques fro diagnosis
- The ability to perform surgery on a patient and send them home the very same day