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Evil spirits -
Blood letting
Exorcism
Prayer and divine intervention -
Digitalis = Heart medication to strengthen and slow heart
Quinine = controls fever, relives muscle spasms and prevents malaria
Belladonna and atropine = relieve muscle spasms, especially in GI pain
Morphine = Pain medicine -
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Health records = earliest people to keep accurate records
Who’re the physicians = priest
How did they heal = used medicines, splinted fractures and treated disorders by bloodletting -
learned to treat many illnesses and disease with stone tools then advanced to be the first to use acupuncture -
Illness cause nature vs. spiritual = First to study cause by keeping records of what they observed, from this they learned it wasn’t spiritual
Dissection = during these times religious customs didn’t allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates = the father of medicine based his knowledge on anatomy and observed the external body. He kept notes of signs and symptoms then wrote the standard ethics used today. -
Sanitation systems = after learning lack of sanitation caused diseases from the Greeks they brought in clean water by water ways and built sewers and systems.
Organize Medical care = First to organize this by sending medical equipment and people with armies
Hospital development = physicians kept rooms for the Ill in their homes and were paid by the government, they also work protective masks -
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They stopped because the Roman Empire was conquered by Huns who only practiced in convents and monasteries. This is because the church believed life and death was in gods hands. Monks and priests had no interest in how the body functioned. -
Primary treatment was prayer, medication was herbal misters and they would watch the outcome -
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Epidemics grew and caused millions of deaths like the Bubonic plaque that killed 60 million, also smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis and tuberculosis -
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Universities = universities were built and so were medical schools for research
Dissection = dissection was accepted to study the body
Books = printing press developed and so did the publishing of books to allow greater access to knowledge from research -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the body’s anatomy -
Gabriele Fallopius discovered Fallopian tubes from the female anatomy -
Bartolommeo Eustachio discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat and named it the Eustachian tube -
William Harvey understood physiology and was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping heart using his knowledge -
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope proving there’s life smaller than the naked eye can see, he also found the bacteria that causes tooth decay -
Apothecaries (early pharmacies) started in this time, in England they engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices -
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He discovered bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person -
Not only did students attend lectures they also observed patients at their bedside. They were also able to dissect bodies and observe the disease process. -
He discovered oxygen and observed plants refresh the air that they lose, making it usable again -
He discovered a method of vaccinations for smallpox which saved millions. His discovery also caused immunization and preventive medicine in public health. -
Invented the first stethoscope out of wood, it increased the ability detect disease by listening to the hear and lungs -
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He identified the cause of childbed fever, he noted that the patients of midwives had fewer deaths. Physicians didn't sanitize which infected and killed women. Many laughed until he was proven right and now washing hands is very important. -
She attracted well educated and dedicated women to the nightingale school of nursing. Graduates raised the standards for nursing making it a respectable profession. -
Known as the “father of microbiology” discovered tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He found they caused disease but others thought they were created from disease. He also found that heating milk prevent bacteria growth. -
He discovered that some diseased by microorganism can’t be seen through a microscope. They’re called viruses and were not studied until the electron microscope came along. -
After learning about Pasteur microorganisms discovery he used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. -
He developed ascesis. He knew from listers research that germs cause infections in wounds so he created a method to keep wounds germ free before and after surgery. -
Discovered many disease causing organisms and created the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolate bacteria that causes tuberculosis. He also supported cleanliness. -
He discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms and was effective against some but not all bacteria. This the brought the use of chemical to fight disease and after 606 experiments he found it worked. -
He discovered x-rays this allowed doctors to see inside a patients body without cutting it open to find what’s wrong. -
Before this drug herbs, hashish, choking and alcohol were used to help pain but many died from the shock. When nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform were found they used them to put people to sleep so they wouldn’t feel pain. -
He found that penicillin killed fatal bacteria and was a very important discovery because before this was known people died of illnesses we now know are curable. -
He discovered and studied the unconscious and conscious parts of the mind to determine that the mind and body work together. -
He discovered sulfonamide compounds effective of killing bacteria, thus killed deadly diseases. -
He found that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis which saved many from crippling and death. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective than Salk’s which is used today to immunize babies against dreaded diseases. -
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its already known double helix. Their model showed how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. They won the Nobel Prize in medicine for its discovery. -
He preformed the first ever successful heart transplant -
Ben separated Siamese twins and preforming hemisperectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
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The world has moved past only looking at one’s physical health. It also looks at people mental, emotional, social and spiritual wellness. To help achieve this the medical community has expanded to Ayurvedic practitioners, Chinese medicine practitioners, chiropractors, homeopaths, hyponotist, and naturopaths to help. -
Rather than living without a limb now we are more able to save and severed body parts. Doctors are also able to make transplant. With their research if a limb cannot be saved, a prosthetic is also available to keep doing daily activities. -
Now we have machines to look inside of the body without cutting holes in people. We also have the ability to use noninvasive techniques for diagnosis which are much safer and faster. -
Now with our advanced technology we are able to care and check on the health of an unborn baby in its mothers stomach. We are also able to care for a baby if it is born premature. -
Now nurses and technicians are visiting patients and client at their homes rather than making them come in to get the help they need. Additionally, new facilities like assisted living centers have been developed to care for the physical, emotional and mental needs of senior citizens.