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3900 BCE
Diseases Caused By….
They were superstitious and believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirts. -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the sick
They used herbs and plants,some come from foxglove plant,bark from the cinchona trees,belladonna,the poisonous nightshade plant, and the opium poppy. -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis from the foxglove,quinine comes from the bark of cinchona tree,belladonna and atropine,morphine from the opium plant. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 4000 BCE
Early beginnings
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Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Medicine in ancient times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records. They were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them.During this time priests acted as physicians -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
From as early as the Stone Age,were the first to use primitive acupuncture therapies. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greek
The Greeks were the first to study the causes of disease and to determine that illnesses may have natural rather than spiritual causes.they did not believe in dissection.Hippocrates is considered the father of medicine,hippocrates then wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates. -
700 BCE
How did they treat disease
Medication used was herbal mixtures and and care was custodial -
100 BCE
Ancient romans
The romans were the first to organize medical care.the Roman physician kept a room in their houses just for the ill,that was the begging of hospitals.Roman physicians wore a spiced filled mask to protect them from the infections and they used the sewer darins to take waste away. -
Period: 400 to 800
The dark age
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500
Why they stopped the study of medicine
They believed that life and death was in the hands of god. -
700
How did they treat diseases
The primary treatment was simply to just pray. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle age
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1100
Epidemics
The bubonic plague alone killed roughly about 60 million people.other uncontrolled disease included smallpox,dipheria,syphilis,and tuberculosis. -
Period: 1350 to
The renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
They building of universities and medical schools for research.the acceptance of dissection of the body for study.the development of the printing press and the publishing of books allowing greater accesses to knowledge from research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
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1515
Leonardo da vinci
Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabriele fallopius
He discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
1550
Bartolomeo Eustachio
He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat which was called Eustachian tube. -
William Harvey
He used his knowledge to understand physiology,and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope,establishing that there is life smaller than the eye you can see. -
Apothecaries
Pharmacies started in this time,in medieval England these apothecaries engaged in flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the east. -
Period: to
The Eighteenth Century
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Benjamin Franklin
His discoveries include bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person. -
Medical students learning
Students not only attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory ,but also observed patients bedside. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered the element oxygen.He also observed that plants refresh air that has lost oxygen making it usable for respiration -
Edward Jenner
He discovered the method of vaccination for smallpox. Smallpox's killed many people in epidemics.His discovery saved millions of lives.His discovery also led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health. -
Rene Laennec
she invented the stethoscope.The first stethoscope was made from wood.It increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs. -
Period: to
The nineteenth and twentieth centuries
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Florance Nighangale
attracted well-educated,dedicated women to the Nighingale school of nursing.The graduates from this school raised the standards of nursing and nursing became a respectable profession. -
Ignaz Semmelweis
He identified the cause of childbed fever(puerperal fever).A large amount of women died from this fever after giving birth. Physicians would go to the "dead room"and dissected dead bodies.The physicians did not wash their hands or change their aprons before they delivered the babies.There hands were dirty and they infected women. -
louis pasteur
He was Known as the "Father Of Microbiology".he discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere.Through his experiments and studies,he proved that microorganisms cause disease.Before this discovery,doctors thought that microorganism were created by disease.He also discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria. Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk.We still use this method to treat milk today.He created vaccine for rabies in 1885. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
That some diseases are caused by microorganism that cannot be seen microscope.They are called viruses. These viruses were not studied until electron microscope was invented in Germany.Some of the diseases that were caused by viruses are,poliomyelitis,rabies,measles,Influenza,chicken pox,German measles,Herpes zoster,mumps. -
Joseph lister
He learned about Pasteur's discovery that microorganisms cause infections.He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection.He became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.Using antiseptic during surgery helped prevent infection in the incision. -
Ernst Von Bergmann
He developed asepsis. He knew from Lister's and Pasteur's research that grems caused infections in wounds.He developed a method to keep an area germ free before and during surgery.This was the beginning of asepsis. -
Robert Koch
He discovered many disease-causing organisms.He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.He also introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the affect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms.His treatment was effective against some microorganisms but was not effective in killing other bacteria.His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease.In his search to find a chemical to treat syphilis,he completed 606 experiments.on the 606th experiment,he found a treatment that worked. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
He discovered x-rays in 1895.He took the very first picture using x-rays of his wife's hand.His discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and helped them discover what was wrong with the patient. -
Anesthesia
Surgery was preformed without anesthesia.Early physicians used herbs,hashish,and alcohol to help relive the pain of the surgery.They even chocked patients to cause unconsciousness to stop the pain. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found the penicillin killed life threatening bacteria.The discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century.Before Penincillin was discovered people died of illnesses that we considered curable today,including pneumonia,gonorrhea,and blood poisoning. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind.He studied the effects of the unconscious mind on the body.He determined that the mind and the body work together.This led to an understanding of psychosomatic illness.His Studies studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry. -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds.These compounds were the first medications effective in killing deadly diseases -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis.This virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year.It seemed to attack the most active and athletic people.It was a feared disease,and the discovery of the vaccine saved many people from death or crippling. -
Albert Sabin
He used a live polio virus vaccine,which is more effective.This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against this dreaded disease. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA,based on its known double helix. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it.This set the stage for the rapid advances in molecular biology that continue to this day.In 1962 they won the Noble prize in medicine for this discovery. -
Christiaan Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968 -
Ben clarson
continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies,surgery's on the brain to stop seizures -
Period: to
The twenty-First Century
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5 Advancements
The ability to transplant organs from the donor to a recipient,The ability to use noninvasive techniques techniques for diagnosis,The advancement in caring for the unborn fetus,the ability to reattach severed body parts,The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research.