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52 BCE
Vercingetorix & Battle of Gergovia
Vercingetorix leads the united Gauls to defeat Julius Caesar & his Roman army of invaders -
Dec 25, 800
Charlemagne crowned Emperor of Frankish Empire.
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Period: 1337 to 1453
Hundred Years War
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1345
Completion of the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral (started in 1163)
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May 30, 1431
Death of Joan of Arc
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1528
Completion of the construction of Le Louvre (began in 1190)
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Period: 1562 to
French Civil Wars of Religion
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Aug 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
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King Henri IV signs the Edict of Nantes, which end the Civil Wars of Religion.
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Blaise Pascal invents La Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator.
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Louis XIV becomes King of France at age 5.
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Jean-Baptiste Denys performs first recorded blood transfusion between a human and a sheep.
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Construction of Les Invalides
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Death of Louis XIV; Louis XV becomes King of France.
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Pierre Fouchard develops modern dentistry.
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Jacques Daviel develops modern cataract surgery.
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Jean-Antoine Nollet discovers osmosis.
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Louis XVI is crowned King of France.
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Antoine Lavoisier discovered that water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen.
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The Storming of the Bastille Prison begins the French Revolution.
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Louis XVI is executed by guillotine on January 21, and his wife Marie Antoinette is also executed by guillotine on October 16 that same year.
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Nicolas-Jacques Conté invents the modern pencil.
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Louisiana Purchase
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Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of France.
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Nicolas Appert invents canning for food preservation.
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Eugène-François Vidocq leaves his criminal life behind to establish the security police for Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Napoleon Bonaparte escapes his first exile in Elba & returns to France to reclaim his power.
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René Laennec invents the stethoscope.
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Louis Vicat invents artificial cement.
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Death of Napoleon Bonaparte & Completion of Arc de Triomphe
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Joseph Monier invents reinforced concrete.
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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, declares himself as Napoleon III, Emperor of the 2nd French Empire.
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Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux develop the rabies vaccine.
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Pierre Michaux & Pierre Lallement invent the bicycle.
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Completion of Opéra Garnier
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Alexandre Godefroy invents the hairdryer.
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Eugène Poubelle invents the trash can (waste container).
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Hilaire de Chardonnet invents artificial silk (rayon).
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Henri Moissan isolates the element fluorine, and 20 years later in 1906, he receives the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this project.
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The Eiffel Tower is first opened to the public at the World’s Fair.
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Opening of the Musée d’Orsay
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Marie Curie and her husband Pierre isolate radium, and 1 year later, they share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1911, Marie receives the Nobel Prize on her own in recognition of her work in radioactivity.
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Charles Mantoux invents the tuberculin sensitivity test (PPD)
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Georges Claude invents neon lights.
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Completion of Sacré Coeur Basilica
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Period: to
World War 1
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Paul Langevin invents underwater Sonar for subway detection.
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Albert Calmette & Camille Guérin invent the tuberculosis vaccine.
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Period: to
World War 2
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The United Nations is established, with France as part of its Security Council.
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The leader of the French Resistance during WWII, Charles de Gaulle is elected the first president of the Fifth French Republic.
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Advancements in medical science as Jérôme Lejeune discovers Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 and Georges Mathé performs the first bone marrow transplant.
Article (Lejeune): https://lejeunefoundation.org/jerome-lejeune/
Video (Lejeune): https://youtu.be/D_QjrZY4WP4
Article (Mathé): https://www.signalsblog.ca/the-story-of-the-first-bone-marrow-transplant/
Video (Mathé): https://youtu.be/-yv49nskbmw -
Completion of Centre Pompidou (began in 1971)
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Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier discover HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, for which they receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine five years later.
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Philippe Kahn invents the first camera phone.
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Introduction of the Euro currency
