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450
Old English 450-1066
Is the language of the Germanic inhabitants of England, dating from the time of their settlement in the 5th century to the end of the 11th century. It is also referred to as Anglo-Saxon. Upon the conquest of England by the Normans in 1066, numerous words came to be adopted from French and, subsequently, also from Latin.
Example: a bewildering mix of Northumbrian, West Saxon, and Anglian dialects, also, compound words. -
1066
Middle English 1066-1500
The transition from Old English to Middle English was the Norman Conquest of 1066 when William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy and, later, William I of England) who invaded the island of Britain, in his new acquisition along with his nobles and court. William crushed the opposition with a brutal hand and deprived the Anglo-Saxon earls of their property, distributing it to Normans (and some English) who supported him. Ex: Norman dialects of the ruling classes became Anglo-Norman. -
1500
English Renaissance 1500-1660
The Renaissance began in Italy, especially in art and architecture, in the fifteenth century. As England became the most powerful nation in Europe in the late sixteenth century, new worlds were discovered and new ways of seeing and thinking developed. Columbus discovered America in 1492, Copernicus and Galileo made important discoveries about the stars and planets, Ferdinand Magellan sailed all round the world. The Renaissance was worldwide. Ex: Vernacular literature, sonnet. -
puritan 1653-1660
Oliver Cromwell was able to galvanize a military dictatorship during protectorate up until 1660 when the monarchy was restored, the genres were journals and diaries and the main themes were religious and political idealism, the writing style of the puritan age was predominantly plain with simple sentences and language. metaphorical constructions were in limited use and excessive ornamentation or dramatic appeals were discouraged. Example: strong religious themes. -
Restoration age 1660-1700
The restoration of King Charles II in 1660 marks the beginning of a new era both in life and the literature of England. The King was received with wild joy on his return from exile, this period has the rise of Neo-classicism, Imitation of the Ancient Masters, Imitation of the French Masters, Correctness and Appropriateness, Realism and formalism, Example:The poetry of the Restoration period is formal, intellectual and realistic. -
18th century 1700-1798
Age of Enlightenment a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political, and economic issues that promoted a secular view of the world and a general sense of progress and perfectibility.
Augustan literature (1700–1750): It´s an age of exuberance, a scandal that reflected an era when English, Scottish, and Irish people found in the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution.Ex: age of Johnson. critic, poet, playwright, lexicographer, essayist, and biographer poem. -
Romanticism 1798- 1837
was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe, was one of the major social change in England and Wales, because of the depopulation of the countryside and the rapid development of overcrowded industrial cities.
Robert Burns (1759–1796) was a pioneer of the Romantic Movement Ex: During the second half of the 18th century, gothic fiction. -
Victorian 1874-1901
the novel became the leading literary genre in English. Women played an important part both as authors and as readers and monthly serializing of fiction also encouraged this surge in popularity also a combination of increased literacy, technological advances in printing, and improved economics of distribution and circulating libraries. Ex: impact of industrialism -
Modern literature 1901-1940
The movement was influenced by the ideas of Charles Darwin, Ernst Mach, Henri Bergson, Friedrich Nietzsche, James Frazer, Marx and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoevsky, Walt Whitman, Charles Baudelaire, Rimbaud, and August Strindberg. refers to the radical shift in aesthetic and cultural sensibilities of evident in the art and literature of the post-world war I period. ex: rapid social change, industrialization. -
post moderns 1940-2000
came about as a reaction to the established modernist era, which itself was a reaction to the established tenets of the nineteenth century and before. The style of Schizophrenia the relaxation of strict timelines, sometimes called discontinuous time, in the irony writer merely pokes fun at the object of the irony without the intention of making a social change. Prose Poetry, Self-Reflexivity, Collage, P}prose poetry, parody and pastiche, simulacra, feminism
Ex: fiction genre.
