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Period: 55 BCE to 54 BCE
Romans
Julius Caesar arrived on the shores of Britain, but his conquest was unsuccesful.
In 43 B.C., the emperor Claudius launched a full scale invasión and Britain´s Roman era began. -
793
First Viking Invasion
The raid on Lindisfarne marks the start of the Viking migration from Scandinavia. -
1066
The final Viking Invasion
England was invaded by Harald Hardrada King of Noway, however, he was beaten at Stamford in Yorkshire , on september 1066. with his weakened army he marched to face William, Duke of Normandy at the Battle of Hastings (october 14, 1066). -
1086
The Domesday Book
The document catalogued the kingdom´s taxable goods and recorded the identities of England´s landholders at the time. -
Period: 1138 to 1153
Anarchy Era
Civil war in England and Normandy. The conflict was a war of succession precipitated by the accidental death of William Adelin, the only legitimate son of King Henry I. -
1215
The Magna Carta
King John was perhaps one of the worst King´s in English history as a result of bad reign including the lost of Normandy and the rise of heavy taxes on the lower classes to pay the wars, his unpopularity spreaded among some nobles and the Church,after a rebellion, he was forced to sign the document designed by archbishop of Canterbury with 63 new laws which the King was obligated to follow. -
1314
The Battle of Bannockburn
Scotland´s fight for Independence. -
1348
The Black Death comes to Britain
In that summer, the first outbreak of the bubonic plague leaded to an epidemic og huge proportions. This disease is estimated to have killed between a third and a half of the population. The dramatic death toll had a significan impact on the social and economic landscape of Britain in the following decades -
1485
Tudors Period Begins.
Henry VII seizes the throne. Henry VII presents himself as the unifier of the warring Lancaster and York dynasties – symbolised by his adoption of the red and White Tudor Rose. His reign bring 85 years of civil war to an end. -
1509
Henry ascends to the throne
Herny VIII succeeded his father Henry VII and his oldest brother Arthur who had died seven years earlier. He married with his brother´s wife Catherine of Aragon. -
1527
Henry VIII founds his own Church
Henry decided to divorce Catherine of Aragon because she couldn´t give him a male heir, their only child alive was Mary I of England. The inability to produce an heir would trouble Henry very much, the Pope didn´t agree with the divorce, so Henry decided to break any relation with Catholic Church and created his own Church. -
1553
Reign of Queen Mary I
First Queen to rule England after the death of Edward and the brief reign of Lady Jane Gray. She was known as “Bloody Mary” because during her five – year reign, Mary had over 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in waht are know as the Marian persecutions. -
1558
Elizabeth I´s long reign begins
She was known as the ´Virgin´Queen because she never married. During her reign returns England to Protestantism, but she doesn´t enforce strict religious conformity. She was the fifth and the last monarc of Tudor dinasty. -
James I Ascends to the throne
James VI of Scotland, through his great – grandmother Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII OF England, inherited the English throne as King James I. succesfully conjoined the two long – warring nations of England and Scotland. -
Gunpowder Plot
It was a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill James I. this was caused becuase the Catholics were unhappy with the way they were being treated. -
English Civil War
Also called Great Rebellion, fighting that took place in the British Isles between supporters of the monarchy of Charles I anf opposing groups in each of Charle´s kingdoms, including Parliamentarinas in England, Covenanters in Scotland and Confederates in Ireland. -
Period: to
War with Spain
The Anglo – Spanish War was a conflict between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Spain caused by comercial rivalry. -
Act of Union England and Scotland
During the reign of Queen Anne, both countries joined together to make Great britain. -
War of Jenkin´s ear
War between Great Britain and Spain that began in October 1739 and eventually merged into the War of the Austrian Succession. -
Period: to
The Seven year War with France begins
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe. The Seven Years’ War involved overseas colonial struggles between Great Britain and France, the main points of contention between those two traditional rivals being the struggle for control of North America and India. -
America War of Independece begins
The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones. -
Act of Union creates the UK
The Scottish Parliament and the English Parliament united to form the Parliament of Great Britain, based in the Palace of Westminster, London, the home of the English Parliament.
Scotland kept its independence with respect to its legal and religious systems, but coinage, taxation, sovereignty, trade, parliament and flag became one. The red cross of St. George combined with the blue cross of St. Andrew resulting in the ‘old’ union flag. -
Battle of Waterloo
Took place in Belgium on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. -
Slavery is abolished in the British Empire
The abolition of slavery in the British Empire thus brought in a new era of change in politics, economics and society. The movement towards abolition had been an arduous journey and in the end many factors played a significant role in ending the slave trade. -
Period: to
Crimean War
War between the Russians and an alliance consisting of the Ottoman empire, Britain, France, and Sardinia-Piedmont. It arose from the conflict of great powers in the Middle East and was more directly caused by Russian demands to exercise protection over the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman sultan. -
Period: to
World War I
The United Kingdom was a leading Allied Power during the First World War of 1914–1918, fighting against the Central Powers, especially Germany. The armed forces were greatly expanded and reorganised—the war marked the founding of the Royal Air Force. -
George VI Duke of York is crowned King
King George VI, the second son of King George V, ascended to the throne in 1936 after his older brother, King Edward VIII, voluntarily abdicated to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson.
During World War II, George worked to rally the spirits of the British people by touring war zones, making a series of morale-boosting radio broadcasts (for which he overcame a speech impediment) and shunning the safety of the countryside to remain with his wife in bomb-damaged Buckingham Palace. -
Period: to
World War II
On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later, on 3 September, after a British ultimatum to Germany to cease military operations was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. When the United Kingdom declared war on Nazi Germany in September 1939 at the start of World War II, the UK controlled to varying degrees numerous crown colonies, protectorates and the Indian Empire. -
Elizabeth II succeeds her father George VI
On February 6, 1952, after a long illness, King George VI of Great Britain and Northern Ireland dies at the royal estate at Sandringham. Princess Elizabeth, the older of the king’s two daughters and next in line to succeed him.
From the start of her reign, Elizabeth understood the value of public relations and allowed her 1953 coronation to be televised, despite objections from Prime Minister Winston Churchill and others who felt it would cheapen the ceremony. -
Britain joins the European Economic Community
The UK first applied to join the EU in 1961. This application was vetoed by the French government in 1963 and a second application was vetoed, again by the French, in 1967. It was only in 1969 that the green light was given to negotiations for British membership, with talks starting in 1970. The UK joined the European Economic Community (as it then was) on 1 January 1973, alongside Denmark and Ireland. -
Brexit
Britain broke from the European Union’s regulatory orbit on Jan. 1, casting off nearly a half-century inside the bloc and embarking on what analysts described as the biggest overnight change in modern commercial relations between countries. (Mueller, B., Robins, P (2021))