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John Locke- The Founder of Educational Philosophy
He was one of the first European educators that focused on individual differences. He made a point to observe one child as an individual instead of focusing on a group. Locke presented the idea that children were born with a "clean slate" on which all experiences are written, and that we should focus on individual differences. He believed that education needed to take the individual learner into account. Teachers still emphasize his approach. ( Gordon and Browne,12) -
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Sabbath and Clandestine Schools
Before the civil war these were schools, also known as midnight schools, as the plantation owners banned teaching, were established. These schools were created to educate African American children in the US. They were almost exclusively maintained by those who had formerly been enslaved. Pictured is a class at Tuskegee Institute, where many graduates went on to teach former slaves. (Gordon and Browne,19) -
The first Kindergarten
Thanks to Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel, Blankenburg Germany was home to the first kindergarten. The word kindergarten stems from children's garden, which is what Froebel hoped for children to have. He did not have a good childhood, however believed that childrens education should be a pleasant experience. He founded a Play and Activity institute where they were able to focus on self activity, self esteem, the right to play and to have toys.(Gordon and Browne,13) -
National Association of Nursery Education
Patty Smith Hill was responsible for NANE, now known as the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Her classroom approach was blended by the influences and work with G Stanley Hall, John Dewey, and the Froebelian tradition. She protested for freedom,initiative and a curriculum relevant to children lives. She stressed that the program should be focused on the nature and needs of the children. Patty also created sets of large blocks(Gordon and Browne,22) -
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama
Booker T. Washington was born a slave. After the civil war, private and public schools were opened for African American students. Washington is responsible for the Tuskegee Institute. Here they focused on intercultural understanding, and practical education. (Gordon and Browne,19) -
Sigmund Freud
Stressed the early experiences comparing mental illness, in the beginning of psy-choanalysis and the how important the first five years are. He believed that the early years of a persons life shape the way they will live and behave as an adult. (Gordon and Browne, 28) -
The father of the Progressive Movement in American education
John Dewey created a laboratory school at the University of Chicago and an education approach focusing on playing an active role in the classroom, and learning from doing. John did not like rigged schooling growing up. He thought children's early years of their lives were important. The teachers role was to extend a lot of support and and encouragement while kids simulate real life situations in our society in their miniature school society and learn through that.(Gordon and Browne, 20) -
Maria Montessori
Casa di Bambini (Children’s House) is opened by Maria Montessori. it was in a slum district in Rome, Italy.
she was the first female physician in Italy, and was responsible for an educational philosophy of child development, and a plan for guiding growth during the early years being very important.
(Gordon and Browne, 14) -
The McMillan sisters
These sisters were pioneers for early childhood education. They created a clinic in Deptford for children living in the slums of England. This clinic was an open-air nursery where they focused on dental health, physical health, sleep, and diet. They studied what affects living in poverty had on children. They are responsible for nusery schools today ! The Deptford clinic still exist today! (Gordon and Browne,29) -
T. Berry Brazelton
Brazelton developed the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. He is a prominent pediatrician, who supports and understands children from infancy to toddlers. He has created pediatric guides for parents focusing on physical and emotional growth.
(Gordon and Browne, 29) -
Early Childhood Education
Lucy Sprague Mitchell developed Early Childhood Education in the United States. She extended from Deweys progressive movement. She thought of schools not only as places for children to learn and think, but also as community centers. She founded the Bureau of Educational Experiments, which becomes Bank Street College of Education.(Gordon and Browne, 23) -
Abigail Eliot- Nursery School Pioneer
She brought the work of the McMillan sisters to the US. As a trained social worker, she was interested in children relationships with their parents.She founded Ruggles street nursery school in Boston, teaching children, and also providing teacher training. She was the Director from 1922-1952. She wanted schools to be a colorful place where the children could be "active and alive."
(Gordon and Browne,24)
