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MOST IMPORTANT: The First Educational Law - Massachusetts
A law was set for selectman to go out and make sure that parents and masters were providing education. Also to find out what was being taught. Following in 1647 an addition law was pass that in a town of 50 or more a teacher must be provided for reading a writing. In townships of 100 or more the establishment of grammar schools was needed. This was called "Old Deluder Satan Law". Important first enforcement.
https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/massachusetts-passes-first-education-law.html -
Secondary School Movement
Began to offer education beyond elementary level. Originally open to only boys, but a school for girls opened in 1828. -
The Impact of Horace Mann
Horace Mann wanted the obligation for all citizens to pay for schooling even if it’s not their own children. This gave free tax supported education for all children. He was a very influential writer of his time. -
Froebel First Kindergarten
Froebel opened the first kindergarten. He was more into activity than observation. -
Public Bible Riots
Separation of church and state became a law. Many people were killed and persecuted due to certain versions of the bible being read. -
Growth in Education (1870-1890)
Congress required states to offer free education to all children. Providing more schooling than any other nation. All children attended schools, but still not together, Native Americans and African Americans were excluded. -
MOST IMPORTANT - First Legal Case Concerning Integration - Sarah Roberts
She tried to get into a better school than the one that was closest to her home because of its poor quality. She was repeatedly denied. Her father sued the city of Boston. Both colored and non-colored people argued integration was not the answer. In 1849 it reached the Massachusetts Supreme Court and ruled against Sarah Roberts.However, in 1896 Supreme Court voted in support and said separate couldn't be equal.
Website Link: https://www.masshist.org/longroad/02education/roberts.htm -
Progressive Reform Movement
This began eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration and corrupt government. Progressive Education Association adopted 7 guiding principles. Very progressive with higher education. -
The Gary Plan
This was the "work-study-play" plan. Untraditional teaching system to make well rounded citizens. They introduced the teaching of health and hygiene in addition to reading and writing and other standard subjects. -
Impact of World War 2
Schools closed Dec 5th and opened again Dec 8th one purpose: complete, intelligent, and enthusiastic cooperation in the war effort. Many teacher left for war, enrollment dropped from 6.7 million to 5.5 million. Financial support was low. Colleges and universities played vital role in preparing men for military service. -
MOST IMPORTANT: Brown vs. Board of Education
Established that separate public schools for black and white students is unconstitutional. Oliver Brown sued on behalf of his daughter Linda. They were forced to travel to a school that was far away because of race. This was very important because it was a step in the right direction, even though people didn't change right away!
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This was passed as part of the war on poverty. Most far reaching federal legislation affection education ever passed. Gave more options for schooling. -
MOST IMPORTANT: Individuals with Disabilities Act
Ensures that students with disabilities are provided free and appropriate public education! Their needs must be tolerated and protected. This is important because it helps to continue on with our goal of having equal rights for ALL people. https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know -
MOST IMPORTANT: The Standards Movement
This movement shifted learning to standards to help ensure a higher level of learning. It guides the teaching process and gives boundaries to what is being taught. This came about after A Nation A Risk Report. This is important for teaching today as viewed in Common Core Curriculum. https://web.sonoma.edu/users/p/phelan/423/standards.html -
No Child Left Behind
Provides money for extra educational assistance for poor children in return for improvement in their academic progress. This is great to make sure, again, every student has the same chance to do well.
