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Common Schools
Common Schools were public schools during the 19th century. They were funded by those that attended and were divided up by districts. -
Horace Mann
MOST IMPORTANT
Mann was important to education as the Secretary of The Board of Education. He was a huge advocate for public schooling. He is the author of The Common School Journal which illuminates issues within public schooling. His contributions are still significant to today's schools because of his emphasis on free elementary school that still applies. ]https://www.nas.org/articles/ask_a_scholar_what_impact_did_horace_mann_have_on_american_public_education(http://www.timetoast.com) -
Immigration in the 20th Century
Immigration in the 20th centruy (first two decades) doubled, causing schools to become overloaded and led to an increase in private schools. It also forced schools to change curriculum to fit new needs. -
Progressive Reform
Progressive Reform in education dealt with the whole child, leaning away from textbook learning and more towards hands on learning. This reform focused on teaching kids for democracy. -
John Dewey
MOST IMPORTANT
John Dewey was considered the Father of the Progressive Movement in Education. This is the idea that we tend to learn through our actions. This is important today because we still use these ideals in classrooms. http://www.education.com/reference/article/dewey-john-1859-1952/(http://www.timetoast.com) -
The Measurement Movement
This movement was largely spearheaded by Terman and Thorndike. Around this time pyschologists were discovering learning differences and disabilities and Terman founded the IQ test. During this movement, a child's learning was measured by such tests. -
Brown vs. Board
MOST IMPORTANT
The supreme court case Brown vs. Board made a huge impact on education and civil rights. It was ruled the separate but equal was unconstitutional. This event is important today because now schools are integrated. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html(http://www.timetoast.com) -
War on Poverty
Part of the war on poverty was improving inner city schools. Many of the poor's problems were assumed to be a result of failing education systems. Education was improved to break this cycle. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act involved the federal government in schools even more. This even challenged the notion that schools only taught in English. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This act changed the funding in public schools. It gave more funding from the government, assisted low income students, and maintained Head Start. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
MOST IMPORTANT
This act enhanced education for those with disabilities. Before this act was passed, many people suffered from a lack of education due to their disabilities. This allowed them to partake in free education that was specific to them. By law, a school is required to assist them which is why it is still important today. https://www.disability.gov/individuals-disabilities-education-act-idea/(http://www.timetoast.com) -
A Nation at Risk
MOST IMPORTANT Famously reporting on the "rising tide of mediocrity" in America, this document reformed curriculum of schools in America. It changed graduation requirements, changed the time students attended school, and had many more effects on the basic curriculum and skills. The changes it made still affect schools today as they are still in line with the requirements made. https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/a-nation-at-risk/(http://www.timetoast.com) -
The Standards Movement
The Standards Movement can be divided into 3 subcategories: Academic Standards, Content Standards, and Performance Standards. The standards movement is basically a response to A Nation at Risk, trying to fix the problems addressed. -
Growth of Standardized Testing
Standardized testing became part of every school in order to measure the performance of students. -
No Child Left Behind
This act required schools to have set standards that students would be tested on from 3rd grade to 8th grade. Schools are required to document performance and meet a certain proficiency level.
