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Period: to
The Colonial Period
This is when the roots of the American educational system was established. The bible was the textbook.
Southern colonies: Formal education for wealthy white males; taught by men waiting to become lawyers or ministers.
Middle colonies: Various cultural and religious schools with a focus on readin', 'riting, 'rithmetic
New England colonies: Education was purely for religious reasons -
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Native American Education
The U.S. government tries to assimilate Native Americans. -
Period: to
The Early National Period
Separation of church and state,
States gain control of education,
The Land Ordinance of 1785; how Congress received money for public education -
The Land Ordinance of 1785
Congress did not have the power to directly tax American citizens so this was designed to raise money by selling land in the territories west of the original colonies. It specified that land was to be divided into townships consisting of 36 one-square-mile sections, with the income from one section reserved for the use and support of public education. -
US Constitution Ratified
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Bill of Rights Ratified
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Period: to
The Common School Movement
Free public schooling becomes accessible to most students. States and local governments taxed citizens to support public schools. Creation of state education departments and superintendents and teacher preparation schools; schools organized by grade level and subject. -
Boarding Schools
The government begins building boarding schools to educate Native Americans run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. -
Committee of Ten
Created standards and methods for high school -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal facilities didn't violate the Constitution. "separate but equal" or racially segregated schools -
Native American Control
Legislation gives Native Americans more control over education after several attempts to assimilate into American culture don't work. -
Period: to
The Modern Era
Schools become instruments of national purpose and social change. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court case during the Civil Rights movement ruling that state laws establishing racial segregation in schools were unconstitutional -
TITLE VI CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
Title VI prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. -
Period: to
War on Poverty
Federal programs designed to end poverty, while emphasizing education. Developed the Job Corps; Increased K-12 public education funding; Created Title I compensatory programs for funding supplemental educational services for low-income students; Head Start (preschool) for low-income students. -
BILINGUAL ACT OF 1968
The Bilingual Education Act, Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1968 established federal policy for bilingual education. Its purpose was to provide school districts with federal funds, in the form of competitive grants, to establish innovative educational programs for students with limited English speaking ability. -
Magnet Schools
Innovative and specialized schools created to integrate white and minority students. -
Lau v. Nichols
The Supreme Court decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public schools for LEP students and the impact caused by the school policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
This case is the most significant court case affecting language minority students. It set a precedent of finding violations of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the decision was followed by the passing of Equal Educational Opportunity Act of 1974. -
EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 1974
This is a federal act that prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff, and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts to take action to overcome barriers to students' equal participation.
The EEOA expanded on Brown v. Board of Education 1954 and upheld Lau v. Nichols 1974. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Required a free and appropriate public education
for all students, including those with exceptionalities. -
Department of Education
The department was originally part of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, but education was considered so important that it was elevated to its own cabinet-level position during President Carter's administration. -
Native American Languages Act
Protects the languages, cultures, and rights of Native Americans. End to assimilation attempts -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act requiring states to assess basic skills to receive federal funding and provided Title 1 funding for disadvantaged students.
