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John Locke
Theory that the mind is a blank tablet! Development comes from the stimulation children receive from parents, caregivers, and through experiences they have in their environment. Premise of educating early can effect poverty and neglect. A good foundation for early learning in life! -
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
All education based on sensory impressions by this children can achieve their natural potential. Start of "object lessons" for counting, measuring, feeling, and touching. Wrote two books The Evening Hours of Hermit, and How Gertrude Teaches Her Children by this opening a path to many books we have today on helping to teach early education at home. -
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Robert Owen
Utopian- believing that by controlling the circumstances and consequent outcomes of child rearing it was possible to build a new and perhaps perfect society. Opened infant school in 1816 in Scotland for his own workers children which led to the opening of the first infant school in London in 1818. Wanted to make a better world for everyone through education. -
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Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel
" Father of Kindergarten" Likened the role of a teacher to gardener metaphor. Introducing the word kindergarten to the English language meaning "garden of children". Supporting self activity and play contributing "gifts" such as blocks to teach size and shapes. -
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John Dewey
Introducing "Progressivism" or Progressive Education which is the theory of educating by children's interests instead of subject matter.
5 Basic principles
- The child's early school experience reflect the home life
- Children are part of a humane community in school that focuses on cooperation
- Learning is focused on problems that children solve
- motivation is internal to the experiences and the child
- Teachers job is to know the children and to choose stimulating problems for them. -
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Jean Piaget
Cognitive Theory - constuctivism of development and learning based on the ides of John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky. This approach Supports the belief that children actively seek knowledge. The children's cognitive development explains: How and what to teach and direction for how to arrange learning environments. Process they engage in would possibly be
Organization
Repetition
Social Interaction
Problem solving We still use the Stages of cognitive development today! -
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Urie Brofenbrenner
Ecological Theory - looks at children's development within the context of the systems of relationships that form their environment.
Developing Five interrelating Systems:
- Microsystem: The various environmental systems
- Mesosystem: Links between microsystems
- Exosystem: No contact environmental system encompasses those events.
- Macrosystem: Culture, customs, and values
- Chronosystem: Environmental influences over time Helped Head Start Program in 1965 to develop environmental methods. -
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Includes a provision that protects the constitutional rights of individuals in public facilities, including public education. Know called The Equal Opportunity in Education Act. This was the beginning of many other Educational Acts such as..- The Economic Opportunity Act (1964)
- Elementary And Secondary Education Act (1965)
- No Child Left Behind (2001)