History of computer science

By yuye7212323
  • 2400 BCE

    Invention of the Abacus

    The abacus, used by ancient civilizations like China and Egypt, is considered the first tool for performing arithmetic operations.
  • 820 BCE

    Al-Khwarizmi's Algorithms

    The Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi wrote foundational texts on algorithms and computation, giving rise to the term "algorithm".
  • 100 BCE

    Antikythera Mechanism

    An ancient Greek analog computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance.

  • Leibniz's Mechanical Calculator

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed a mechanical calculator called the “Step Reckoner,” which could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

  • Jacquard Loom

    Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented a loom that used punched cards to control patterns in fabric weaving, influencing later computing technologies.

  • Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine

    Babbage designed a mechanical computer with features resembling modern computers, though it was never fully built in his lifetime.

  • Ada Lovelace’s Algorithm

    Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm intended for implementation on Babbage’s Analytical Engine, becoming the first computer programmer.

  • George Boole’s Boolean Algebra

    Boole published An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, laying the foundation for the binary logic used in digital circuits.

  • Hollerith’s Tabulating Machin

    Herman Hollerith developed a machine to process U.S. Census data using punched cards, reducing the time needed from 10 years to 2.

  • Turing’s Universal Machine Concept

    Alan Turing introduced the concept of a machine capable of simulating the logic of any other machine, forming the basis for modern computing theory.

  • Zuse’s Z3: First Programmable Computer

    Konrad Zuse built the Z3, the first programmable digital computer, used for solving engineering problems.

  • ENIAC: First General-Purpose Computer

    ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was completed in the U.S. to calculate artillery trajectories for the military.

  • Invention of the Transistor

    John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at Bell Labs invented the transistor, transforming electronics by enabling smaller, faster devices.

  • Development of FORTRAN

    IBM released FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), one of the first high-level programming languages, aimed at scientific and engineering applications.

  • Invention of the Integrated Circuit

    Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce independently developed the integrated circuit, leading to the miniaturization of electronic components and computers