-
Ohio adopts Bilingual Education
"Schools could operate in German and English by parental request" (Diaz-Rico, pg. 117). -
Del Rio Independent School District v. Salvatierra
"A Texas superior court finds that the Del Rio Independent school district cannot segregate Mexican students, but a higher court rules that the segregation is necessary to teach English to Mexican students" (Diaz-Rico 120). -
Lemon Grove v. Álvarez
The Lemon Grove school board took it upon themselves to build a school for Mexican students only without telling the parents. The influx of Mexican immigrants concernedAmericans. "President Hoover believed that Mexican aliens contributed to the problem of unemployment by taking jobs from native-born Euro-Americans" (Scharf, 1986). The judge believed the separation denied Mexican children the presence of American children, which was necessary to learn the English language. -
Méndez v. Westminster School District
Parents of Mexican and Mexican-American children felt it was unfair and unconstitutional for their children to be forced to attend seperate scools for Mexicans. -
The Bilingual Education Act
A law that provided funding to school districts to develop programs for bilingual education. -
serna v. portales municipal schools
"The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals found that Spanish surnamed students' achievement levels were below those of their Anglo counterparts. The court ordered Portales Municipal Schools to implement a bilingual/bicultural curriculum, revise procedures for assessing achievement, and hire bilingual school personnel" (Texas Education Agency, 2010). -
Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado
"Latinos must be covered by Brown v. Board of Education—Mexicans cannot be labeled “White” and used to create falsely desegregated schools containing only Blacks and Latinos" (Diaz-Rico 121) -
Lau v. Nichols
"Chinese Americans alleged that San Francisco public schools had discriminated against Chinese American students by failing to provide bilingual education" (Sze, F. 2004) -
Castañeda v. Pickard
The Fifth Circuit Court tests the 1974 EEOA statute, outlining three criteria for programs serving EL students. District programs must be: (1) based on “sound educational theory,” (2) “implemented effectively” through adequately trained personnel and sufficient resources, and (3) evaluated as effective in overcoming language barriers. Qualified bilingual teachers must be employed, and children are not to be placed on the basis of English-language achievement tests. (Diaz-Rico 122)Diaz-Rico, Lyn -
Phyler v. Doe
This case was brought up because state funding was being withheld for students who could not prove their citizenship. The Supreme Court shot down this attempt because students should get an equal chance to a free education. The move by the state violated the 14th Amendment.
