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322 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle:(384-322 BC) the great philosopher , proved , that the Earth is spherical , and believed that it was at the center of the universe . -
120 BCE
Hippachrus
Hipparchus:(190 BC-120 BC) Hipparchus of Nicaea was a greek astronomer , geographer , and mathematician . 120 -
170
Ptoloemy
Ptolemy:(100 AD-170 AD)was a greek Greco-Roman mathematician, astrologer , and poet of a single epigram in the greek anthology .
Ptolemaic is a superseded description of the universe with Earth at the center . Under the geocentric model , the sun , moon , stars and planets all orbited Earth . -
May 21, 1534
Copernicus
Copernicus:(Feb 19,1473-May 21,1543)was a renaissance and reformation era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the sun rather than the earth at the center of the the universe .It positioned the sun near the center of the universe , motionless, with earth and other planets orbiting around it in a circular path modified by epicycles and uniform speeds . -
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe:(Dec 14,1546-Oct 24 , 1601) was a danish nobleman, astronomer , and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations . -
Refracting Telescope
A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptric telescope). The refracting telescope design was originally used in spy glasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long focus camera lenses. -
Hans Lippershey
Hans Lippershey:(1570-1619) was a German-Dutch spectacle maker . He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope,because he was the first one to tried to obtain a patent for it . -
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler:(Dec 27,1571-Nov 15,1630)was a german mathematician,astronomer, and astrologer. Kepler is a key figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution . -
Galileo
Galileo:(Fed 15,1564-Jan 8,1642) was an italian polymath. Galileo is a central figure in the transition natural philosophy to modern science and in the transformation of the scientific Renaissance into scientific revolution . The Galilean moons are the four largest moons of jupiter - Io , Europa , Ganymede , and Callisto.They were seen by galileo in january 1610 , and recognized by him as satellites of jupiter in march 1610. They are the first found objects to orbit another planet. -
Reflecting telescope
A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century, by Isaac Newton, as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration -
Giovanni Cassini
Giovanni Cassini:(june 8,1625-Sep 14 ,1712) Italian who discovered the division of the rings of saturn . 4 of saturn's moons , and the rotation periods of mars and jupiter. -
Sir Issac newton
Sir Isaac newton:(1643-1724)further developed works of Copernicus and Kepler using math . invented reflecting telescope 1668. -
William Hershel
William Herschel:(1738-1822)discovered the planet Uranus and its moons . He also discovered 2 more of Saturn moons . Believed to to have found polar ice on mars leading to the studies hoping to find water on mars -
Karl Jansky
Karl Jansky:(1905-1950)was an american physicist and radio engineer who in august 1931 first discovered radio waves emanating from milky way . -
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble:(1889-1953)was an american astronomer.He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time . -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein:(1879-1955)Theory of Relativity (1905) and gravitation. -
Sputnik
Sputnik:(Oct 4 , 1957/7:28pm)The importance of sputnik to the U.S in the midst of the cold war , russia was successful in launching the first satellites into space to orbit earth. -
Percival Lowell
Percival Lowell:(1855-1960)Discovered the planet pluto and studied the “canals” on mars . built the lowell observatory in Flagstaff , AZ to study Mars . -
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin:(1961)first person to orbit the earth . -
John Glenn
John Glenn :(1962)1st U.S. citizen to orbit earth 3x . -
Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong:( 1966 ) first person to walk on the moon -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
EjnarHertzsprung :(1873-1967)was a danish chemist and astronomer, born in Copenhagen , denmark. One of the inventions of the hertzsprung_Russell diagram . The HR diagram shows the correlation between the absolute magnitude (brightness) and the spectacle type of star. -
Mars Pathfinder
Mars Pathfinder:(1966-1967)american robotic spacecraft that landed a base station with a roving probe on mars in 1997 -
Apollo Missions
Apollo Mission:(1963-1972)was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. During the Apollo 11 mission, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM) and walked on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the Command/Service Module (CSM), and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24. -
First space shuttle
First space shuttle flight:(1981) was the first reusable spacecraft . Launch like a rocket and land like a plane. -
Cassini Orbiter
commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. Cassini was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit. The craft were named after astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christian Huygens. -
Spacex
Spacex Falcon Heavy :(2018) reusable super heavy lift launch vehicle designed and manufactured by Spacex .
