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The Magic Lantern
An early predecessor of the modern day projector. Consisted of a translucent oil painting, a simple lens and a candle or oil lamp. -
Thaumatrope
Simple toy used in the Victorian era. A small circular disk/card with two different picturs on each side that was attached to a piece of string or a pair of strings running through the center. When the string is twirled, the two pictures combine to a single image. -
Phenakistoscope
Consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radii evenly spaced around the center of the disk. Slots are cut out of the disk on the same radii as the drawings but at a different distance from center. Device would be placed in front of a mirror and spun. -
Zoetrope
Cylindrical spinning device with several frames of animation printed on a paper strip placed around the circumference. Vertical slits around the sides through which an observer can view the moving images on the opposite side when the cylinder spins. -
Flipbook
Book with particularly springy pages that have an animated series of images near the unbound edge. Viewer bend the pages banck and then rapidly releases them on at a time so that each image viewed springs out of view to momentarily reveal the next image just before it does the same. -
Praxinoscope
First animated projection. Created by Charles-Emile Reynaud(a french science teacher). -
Fantasmagorie
The first animated film created by using traditional(hand-drawn) animation. -
El Apostol
First film created with cutout animation -
Oh Mabel
Short film with sound on film process- first film with synchronized sound. -
The Adventures of Prince Achmed
Oldest surviving animated feature film- cutout silhouette animation
