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460 BCE
Democritus
Lived 460 BCE - 370 BCE in Abdera, Thrace a town of the coast. He spent time studying physics, astronomy, botany, zoology and medicine. later he said the world is composed of very small particles which he called "atomos" and these atoms make up everything we see. He found this by taking a simple seashell and broke it in half. Then took that, broke it in half over and over until he was left with a fine powder. He then took the smallest piece from the powder and tried to break that but could not. -
Period: 460 BCE to
Democritus - Antoine Lavoisier
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Antoine Lavoisier
Lived from 1743 - 1794 in Paris, France. He was associated with a tax-collecting firm and was married to the daughter of the one of the firm's executives. Unfortunately, the relationship with the tax firm led to death at the guillotine in 1794. In his life philosophical speculation and even some quantitative experimentation led him to develop the oxygen theory of combustion and also the law of conservation of mass. The law of conservation of mass it states matter cannot be created or destroyed. -
John Dalton
Lived 1766 - 1844 in Manchester, United Kingdom. As a British scientist he developed the concept of the mole and proposed a system of symbols to represent atoms of different elements. He recognized the existence of atoms of elements and that compounds formed from the union of these atoms. Dalton also discovered color blindness, an affliction from which he suffered. He determined that five percent of the male population and less than one-tenth percent of the female population was color blind. -
J.J. Thomson
a British physicist who lived from 1856-1940 in cambridge, cambridge shive discovered the electron. He experimented with electromagnetism prior to his discovery of the electron. He theorized that speed increases electromagnetic mass of a charged particle. Thomson learned that the atom was a thousand times lighter than the hydrogen atom, and its mass was equal to that of the original atom from which the cathode rays were originally generated and He made atomic physics a modern science. -
Max Planck
Max Planck, a German physicist lived from 1858 - 1947 in Göttingen, Germany. He is famous for Planck's constant (6.626 × 10-34 m2 kg / s) and Planck's postulate. He studied black-body radiation around the time he discovered the Planck postulate, which stated that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in quantized form. He originated quantum theory for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. -
Marie Curie
Lived 1867 - 1934 in Warsaw, Poland. Marie was the youngest of five children of poor school teachers. Her discovery of radium and polonium had a huge contribution to the fight against cancer. This work continues to inspire our charity's mission to support people living with terminal illness, including cancer. therefore she devoted her researches to the study of the chemistry of radioactive substances and the medical applications of these substances. -
Robert Millikan
Lived from 1868 - 1953 in San Marino, California. Robert was an American physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics. Millikan began a series of experiments to determine the electric charge carried by a single electron. He began by measuring the course of charged water droplets in an electric field. The results suggested that the charge on the droplets is a multiple of the elementary electric charge. Thus creating the Oil drop experiment. -
Ernest Rutherford
Lived from 1871 - 1937 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. Rutherford discovered the central figure in the study of radioactivity. With his concept of the nuclear atom he led the exploration of nuclear physics. Rutherford proposed that all of the positive charge and all of the mass of the atom occupied a small volume at the center of the atom. While most of the volume of the atom is empty space occupied by the electrons. This was a radical proposal that flew in the face of Newtonian Physics -
Albert Einstien
He lived from 1879-1955 in Württemberg, Germany. A German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered one the most influential physicist of the 20th century. Even today physicists refer to the action from which the equations are derived as the Einstein-Hilbert action, but the theory itself is attributed solely to Einstein. -
Niels Bohr
Lived from 1885- 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark A Danish physicist who is generally regarded as one of the foremost physicists of the 20th century. He was the first to apply the quantum concept, which restricts the energy of a system to certain discrete values, to the problem of atomic and molecular structure. he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. His manifold roles in the origins and development of quantum physics may be his most-important contribution -
Erwin Schrödinger
He lived from 1887- 1961 in Vienna, Austria. He is an Austrian physicist, proposed wave mechanics. Schrödinger developed his own quantum mechanical model of the atom. This model was one of the first to display the orbitals on an atom. His father was a professor of chemistry. -
James Chadwick
Lived 1891 - 1974 in Manchester, England. An English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1935 for the discovery of the neutron. When World War I broke out, he was imprisoned in a camp for civilians at Ruhleben. He spent the entire war there but nevertheless was able to accomplish some scientific work. He discovered the neutron utilizing alpha particles, helium nuclei emitted by a select group of radioactive substances. -
Louis De Broglie
He lived from 1892-1987 in louveciennes, France. a French physicist, was well known for his studies regarding quantum theory he is responsible for predicting wave nature of electrons. He developed and announced his theory of electron waves in the year (1924): "A wave confined within boundaries imposed by the nuclear charge would be restricted in shape and, thus, in motion, because any wave shape that did not fit within the atomic boundaries would interfere with itself and be canceled out." -
Werner Heisenberg
Lived 1901 - 1976 in Würzburg, Germany. He is a German physicist and philosopher who discovered a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices. For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. To the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulent flows, the atomic nucleus, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and subatomic particles. He was instrumental in planning the first West German nuclear reactor at Karlsruhe.
