-
1450
(!!!!) The Middle Passage
(Click purple timeline to see part 1 of the Middle Passage) The space was so limited even for the barely alive that the dead people were thrown off the ship into the ocean like anything but humans. -
1450
(!!!!!) The Middle Passage
The Middle Passage was the second leg of the triangular trade that took manufactured goods to African markets in exchange for kidnapped or purchased African slaves, the slaves were brought to America in exchange for raw goods that would be take back to Europe. This Middle Passage was the journey from Africa to America, mostly Brazil and the Carribeans, that brought millions of slaves into the slave trade. -
Aug 11, 1492
Columbus arrives in the Americas (PT 1)
Christopher Columbus leaves the Spanish port on August 3, 1492 to start his voyage to reach Asia. The reason for this expedition was to find trade route for gold and spice, but he didn't realize that he was traveling in the opposite direction, therefore heading to the Americas. His voyage was a brutal and deadly expedition but finally on October 11, 1492 they arrived in Hispaniola. -
Aug 11, 1492
Columbus arrives in the Americas
Upon arrival they killed of the vast majority of the Native Americans that called America home. Although Columbus Day is still observed as a federal holiday, many people don't celebrate it because he was not the first person to find the Americas, he just took the credit! -
Jamestown (PT 1)
Jamestown was the first permanent successful English settlement in the Americas that would later become the United States. The Virginia Company settlers made the colony on May 14, 1607 and created a way of life that helped influence our nation today. This influence brought about by the early Virginians includes their language, customs and beliefs which all help to establish our heritage. -
Jamestown
The only problem was in the beginning, The Virginia company decided to build the colony upon “"a disease-ridden, bug-infested swampy island with no source of freshwater," according to Jamestown tour guide and park ranger, Jerome Bridges. -
Pilgrim's Land (PT 1)
After a 66 day voyage, The Mayflower arrived in Cape Cod (present-day Massachusetts) from Plymouth, England. The original settlers of Plymouth Colony are known as the Pilgrims Fathers, or just pilgrims. The months after arrival, the Pilgrims lived mostly on the Mayflower and traveled back and forth to the shore to build their living and storage units. The settlement’s first fort was built upon what we now know as Burial Hill. -
Pilgrim's Land
Relationships with native Americans started out (the Squanto, a Native American leader, even taught the Pilgrims how to farm corn, where to fish and in the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims and the Pokanokets shared a feast, which was the basis of present-day Thanksgiving!) strong but deteriorated due to the Pilgrims quickly expansion of land. -
(!!!) Creation of Steam Engine (PT 1)
The first commercially successful steam engine was was a water pump in 1698 created by Thomas Savery. This pump was used in mines, pumping stations and supplying water to water wheels that powered textile machines. One of Savery’s engines was known to be operating in 1820. In 1712, Thomas Newcomen invented the first commercially successful engine that could transmit continuous power to a machine. -
(!!!!) Creation of the Steam Engine (PT 2)
After Richard Trevithick invented the use of high pressure steam, a mobile steam engine became a practical proposition. The 19th century saw great progress in the steam vehicle designs and by around 1850, it became a viable option to produce these designs on a commercial basis. Subsequently, many people created advancements and improvements to the engine that changed many industries in that time period and today. -
(!!!) Creation of the Steam Engine
The steam engine invention was important because it created a much more efficient and practical way to transport goods. It also changed factories locations, they no longer needed to be located near a river for energy. Obviously, the steam engine also led to the invention of engines today which improved the transportation industry considerably! -
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War was fought between France and Britain (both sides gaining native American support) over land in America. The war started when France expanded into the Ohio River Valley, resulting in Britain declaring war. Britain won the war but the war had three major effects, the beginnings of major hostilities of Americans towards Britain, native American displacement, and the French monarchy destabilizing. -
(!!!) Sugar Act (PT 1)
The Sugar Act was an tax that was imposed as a way to collect revenue through the taxation of the colonists. The Molasses Tax of 1733 issued a tax that was 6 pence per gallon of molasses but was never collected due to the colonists backlash. The British government thought that cutting the tax amount in half would ensure the money would actually be collected. The constant taxing of Britian and the rising discontent of the colonists all were factors that led to the American Revolutionary War. -
(!!!) The Stamp Act
Colonists mobbed the streets with violence and intimidated the stamp collectors to resignation. The British Empire soon repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 but issued the Declaratory act that stated they had the power and authority to issue legislation on the colonies at any time. This act started the saying "no taxation without representation!" that would be used frequently in the subsequent years. -
(!!!) Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was implemented in 1765 and was the first tax levied against the American colonists by the British. This act imposed a tax on a paper documents like newspaper, books, and playing cards. This tax was imposed in the colonies at a time when Britian was in deep financial debt because of the Seven Year's War and looked to the American colonies as a source of revenue. The colonists argued that this act was unconstitutional because they didn't have a say it the decision making procedure. -
(!!!) Creation of the Automobile
Ford Motor Company completely changed the name in the automobile industry by creating cheap cars which brought large profit. In 1930, there was about one car per household which shows how fast the Model T blew up by being affordable and practical. Obviously, the invention of the automobile changed the game by creating a fast and easy way to transport humans and goods, allowed people to commute to work easier and so much more. -
(!!!!) Creation of the automobile (PT 1)
In 1769, the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transport was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. However, it wasn’t until the late 1800s that automobiles were mass produced for the general public. In 1885, Karl Benz invented the first automobile that was gas-powered. In 1913, the Ford Model T, created by the Ford Motor Company, became the first automobile to be mass produced on a moving assembly line. In a mere 14 years, Ford had produced over 15 million Model T automobiles! -
(!!!) Boston Tea Party
The frustration that the colonists had came from the taxes that had been forced to pay for the 10 years, like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts. They decided to show the British government that they have had enough. -
(!!!) The Boston Tea Party (PT 1)
On December 16 ,1773, many American colonists marched into the harbor and performed the protest that we know today as the Boston Tea Party. The colonists were frustrated that the were being taxed but didn't have any representation in the British government; "no taxation without representation!". The decided to dump 352 chests of British tea into the harbor to protest their behavior. The Boston Tea Party was the first act of deviance by the colonists against the British government. -
Lexington and Concord
The battles of Lexington and Concord were the battles that sparked the American Revolutionary War. Tensions had been rising between the 13 American colonies and British control, mostly in Massachusetts, due to significant tax increases like the Stamp Act, Townshend Act, and Sugar Act. So, on April 19, confrontation breaks out in Lexington and war sparks. The British troops were heavily outnumbered which was most likely the reason that all the dead and injured were redcoats. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was the official letter that laid out the many complaints towards King George III and the basic rights granted to U.S. citizens. The most important part of the Declaration of Independence, however was the 13 colonies stating they are to be regarded as sovereign states. The letter was first published on July 4, which laid out the celebration of Independence Day celebrating America's independence from Britain. -
Constitutional Convention (PT 1)
The Constitutional Convention was a meeting met in Philadelphia where 55 delegates (one from each state) met to discuss amending the Articles of Confederation or create a whole new governmental framework. 39 of 55 delegates knew the restrictions that were being places on the states under the Articles, meaning they were in favor of a strong national government, so early on The Articles of Confederation framework was thrown out. -
Constitutional Convention
This led to the creation of the New Jersey Plan (in favor of equal amounts of seats between colonies in a unicameral legislature) and the Virginia plan (in favor of proportional seats in a bicameral legislature). In the end, The Constitution embodied parts of both plans, making both sides content with the new framework of government. -
(!!!!) Creation of the Steamboat (PT 1)
The steamboat was created in 1787 as a mode of water transportation that is propelled by steam. John Hitch was the first inventor, he created a 45-foot long that successfully traveled on the Delaware River on August 22, 1787. The invention of the steamboat is important because they revolutionized transportation as they allowed for easier upriver travel. -
(!!!) Creation of the Steamboat
Also, their efficiency allowed for perishable food to get to their destination faster and proved valuable in the Civil War as they allowed the Union to dominate waterways which shows how beneficial that creation of the steamboat truly was. -
(!!!) Industrial Revolution (PT 2)
The Industrial Revolution was a very important time period because it changed the efficiency of the manufacturing process and led to the start of the US being an economic powerhouse. -
(!!!!) Industrial Revolution (PT 1)
The Industrial Revolution took place from 1790 to 1870 in the United States (started in Great Britain). The Industrial Revolution was the time period that the U.S. switched to new manufacturing processes. It was the switch from hand operated machinery that was highly labor intensive and hard work to machinery that could do it all for you. The Industrial Revolution led to a number of influential and impactful innovations and also changed the way people worked and lived. -
(!!!) Creation of the Cotton Gin (PT 1)
Eli Whitney created the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the cotton industry, in 1793 and patented in 1794. The cotton gin greatly sped up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. Cotton was becoming very important to the American economy, by the mid 19th century, cotton had become the United States’ leading export. However, the cotton gin gave southern slaveholders more of a reason to use and expand slave labor even in a time where abolishment was a growing trend in popularity. -
(!!!!) Creation of the Cotton Gin
The cotton crop had many perks, it was easy to grow and could be stored for long periods of time (unlike perishable food crops) but the seeds were difficult to remove, making cotton production a very labor intensive process. Therefore, the cotton gin was an important invention as it made cotton production considerably easier but it led to the significant growth of southern slavery. -
Jefferson's Presidency
Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. Some major accomplishments were the expedition of Lewis and Clark and the Louisiana Purchase which we bought from France for 15 million dollars, which doubled the territory of the U.S. Jefferson strongly opposed Federalism, when he took office his administration reduced taxes, government spending, national debt and repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts. Overall, Jefferson’s presidency was highly beneficial and supported by the people. -
Lousisiana Purchase
The United States purchased 828,000 square miles from France in 1803, which added part or all of 15 states to the U.S. territory during Jefferson’s presidency. The reason the Louisiana Purchase has gone down in history as one of Jefferson’s most notable achievements is because of territory’s bargain price, coming in at less than three cents per acre. Lewis and Clark’s expedition discovered the unknowns of this new territory and helped the U.S. uncover the realities of the area. -
(!!!) Marbury v. Madison (PT 1)
One of the most influential court cases in the United States Supreme court history is Marbury v. Madison. The case established the idea of judicial review which is still widely used today because it is the power of the judicial branch to name acts and bills unconstitutional. Marbury v Madison came about when the 2nd president, John Adams, nominated forty-two possible justices, one named William Marbury, to fill the supreme court spot on March 2, which was his second to last day in office. -
(!!!) Marbury v. Madison (PT 2)
On his last day, March 3, the Senate approved all these judges, due to this extremely last minute act, the justices have been named “midnight judges”. Adams made this decision so late because he wanted to fill the supreme court with judges that align with his political views so his views could still be represented after his presidency. However, the first day of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, these justices had not yet been approved by the Secretary of State. -
(!!!!) Marbury v. Madison
Jefferson argued that since these justices had not been approved by the time Adams left office, these appointments weren’t valid and thus it was his turn to appoint justices. The Chief Justice at the time, John Marshall issued a decision that named Jefferson’s choice unconstitutional and this decision remains one of the biggest to show that all branches are equal and the judicial branch had major part in interpreting the constitution. -
Missouri Compromise (PT 1)
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was legislation that passed that temporarily “fixed” the issue of the divisive topic of slavery. In the bill, Maine was admitted into the Union as a free state and Missouri, despite being above the invisible “slave-free” line, was admitted as a slave state. This invisible line was at the 36th Parallel, any state (except Missouri) was to be a free state and every state below was a slave state. -
Missouri Compromise
Although the Indian Removal Act was not laid out in the bill to be horrible and debilitating for all native Americans, it was not a good idea because the inevitable that came from it. -
Indian Removal Act
Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act on May 28, 1830 which offered an exchange for the Native Americans in the Southeast, if they give up their current land they would be given unsettled land out West in return. This eventually lead to the Trail of Tears, a treacherous, deadly journey out West that thousands of Native Americans endured after they were forced out of their homes. -
(!!!) Creation of the Steel Plow (PT 1)
As the population of earth was rising, people came to the conclusion that there needs to be some way to increase food production with the help of new technology. Because of the struggles that farmers in the Midwest faced due to the tough soil, they came to John Deere with hopes that he could help them and make their work easier and more time and cost efficient. With hopes he could help, Deere bought a broken steel saw and created a plow that worked better than any other plow before it. -
(!!!) Creation of the Steel Plow
Compared to the 96 hours it took to till an acre of land, with John Deere’s steel plow it took farmers 5-6 hours to till an acre which helped spread John Deere’s name and business like wildfire. Compared to the 96 hours it took to till an acre of land, with John Deere’s steel plow it took farmers 5-6 hours to till an acre. The invention of the steel plow is important due to it's better and more efficient method for tiling. This all led to an abundant supply of inexpensive food in America. -
(!!!) The Fugitive Slave Act (PT 1)
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850 between slaveholding Southerners and abolitionists of the North. This act was one of the most controversial element of the Compromise of 1850 and it led to Northerners fearing that the “slave power” would have increasingly more power than them. The law stated that all escaped slaves, no matter the location, must be taken back to their master, meaning citizens and officials in the North had to follow. -
(!!!!) Fugitive Slave Act
If the law enforcing officials found out you did not return a slave when the opportunity arose, you were fined $1,000 which in today’s money is $30,000! The Northerners despised this law. -
Dred Scott vs Sanford (PT 1)
The Supreme Court case Dred Scott vs Sanford was Dred Scott for his constitutional rights that he felt were being violated by his slave master. Dred Scott and his family was purchased as slaves and brought to Illinois, a free state and then Fort Snelling in modern MN, a free territory. Before Emerson died, he brought Dred Scott back to the slave state of Missouri. When Emerson passed, Dred Scott tried to purchase his freedom along with his family’s but was denied by Emerson’s widow. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Consequently, Scott brought this issue to court arguing that he was free when he crossed into the free state and territory of Illinois and Fort Snelling, but he lost. He later sued his new master, Sanford in federal court but his slave status still remained and ruled that slaves were not U.S. citizens. -
Lincoln's Presidency (PT 2)
Lincoln, after the North won the Civil War, supported legislation, like the thirteenth amendment, that would actually free slaves. -
Lincoln's Presidency (PT 1)
Abraham Lincoln was the 17th president of the United States and the president during the Civil War. Thus, Lincoln’s presidency was most associated with the tireless efforts made by Lincoln towards the outlawing of slavery. He first issued the Emancipation Proclamation which did not abolish slavery the moment it was issued but it did give blacks the right to serve their country and have the opportunity to fight for their freedom. -
Fort Sumter
The battle of Fort Sumter was a two-day battle that was fought in South Carolina after 7 states succeeded from the Union and formed the Confederate States. Lincoln chose to resupply Fort Sumter and other forts when needed, consequently Confederate arms open fired and sparked the battle. This battle was the first battle of the Civil War and led to the first victory, a Confederate victory. The Union did not recapture Fort Sumter again for another roughly 4 years. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln intending to get rebellious state to rejoin the Union. Basically, Confederate States had until January 1 of the following year to rejoin the Union of all their slaves will be set free. None of the Confederate States accepted the offer, therefore all slaves in those states were set free. Although it wasn’t until the thirteenth amendment that slavery was abolished. -
Lincoln’s Assassination
On the evening of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor, assassinated Lincoln at the Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. John Wilkes Booth and a few friends planned to kidnap the president and take him to the Confederate Capital, Richmond. However, Lincoln didn’t show up to the abduction spot and 2 weeks later, the Confederate troops surrendered. Booth and his conspirators went into a frenzy to save the Confederacy. -
Thirteenth Amendment
After Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, The United States started on the road to abolishing slavery. The banning of slavery was proposed to the House of Representatives in April 1864, but it did not pass. The struggle over the ratification abolishing slavery was a struggle until on January 31, 1865, the House of Representative proposed the amendment. It wasn’t until December 6 that enough states had ratified the amendment, effectively applying the amendment in the Constitution. -
(!!!) Creation of the Telephone (PT 1)
Just like the radio, many people contributed to the invention of the telephone leading to many patent claim lawsuits. However, Antonio Meucci invented the telephone but Alexander Graham Bell is credited for patenting the first functional telephone in 1876. The first successful two-way transmission (with clear speech) was made on March 10, 1876 between Bell and Watson, his assistant. The classic story of this transmission is Bell saying to his assistant, “Watson! Come here, I want to see you!”. -
(!!!!) Creation of the Telephone
The first long distance transmission was made on August 10, 1876, by Bell, from his home in Brantford, Ontario to his assistant who was 10 miles away in Paris, Ontario. Obviously, the invention of the telephone greatly transformed the lives of Americans and soon the world by making long distance conversations easy and accessible, opening up a whole world of communication. -
(!!!!) Creation of the Light Bulb (PT 1)
Just like the radio and the telephone, credit for creating the lightbulb can’t be given all to one individual. However, in 1879, Thomas Edison patented the incandescent light bulb. In October of 1879, Edison and his team created a lightbulb that could last 14.5 hours which was a breakthrough in electric technology at the time. Edison’s team never stopped improving the lightbulb and soon created a light bulb that lasted up to 1,200 hours! -
(!!!) Creation of the Light Bulb
Some believe that Thomas Edison infringed on other’s patents for the lightbulb but Edison is publicly recognized for the creation of the light bulb. The invention of the light bulb obviously is important because it gave people control over light and dark no matter the time of day. Thanks to Thomas Edison’s tireless work to improve the light bulb, we have a electric incandescent bulb that last many many hours. -
Chinese Exclusion Act (PT 1)
The Chinese Exclusion Act statute suspended Chinese immigration for ten years and said Chinese immigrants were unable to achieve citizenship. Although Chinese workers already in America challenged this obvious discrimination, there efforts failed. The act was renewed in 1892 for another 10 years, furthermore in 1902, Chinese immigration was banned permanently. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Sadly, these pieces of legislation that were rooted in deep hatred and racism were highly effective and the Chinese population dramatically decreased. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was a law passed by Congress under Benjamin Harrison, which regulated competition among businesses. The law prohibits anti-competitive agreements and conduct that monopolizes or attempts to monopolize the relevant market of a good. The goal was to maintain free competition in business and created it a crime to monopolize any part of trade or business.This act was and is a complete success and has prevented the emergence of monopolies. -
(!!!) Creation of the Radio (PT 1)
The creation of the radio first took place in 1895 and followed the inventions of the telegraph and telephone. Not just one person is credited for creating the radio. Many people have took part in helping create the radio, for example, Oliver Lodge is known for creating the transmission of wireless signals over 150 yards away. Although many people worked on the future radio and had the plan, the radio was finally put together and officially invented in Italy. -
(!!!) Creation of the Radio
Upon the invention, the spread of radio spread like wildfire. The creation of the radio is important because it was used as a main source of communication for entertainment and the government updates like “fireside talks” put on by the president. -
Surrender at Appomatox
At the end of the Civil War, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Ulysses S. Grant, a Union general. Prior to the surrender, Union forces were marching through Virginia, subsequently pushing back the Confederate Army. Confederate troops abandoned Richmond, Virginia and retreated but Union troops cut off their resources, forcing them to stop in Appomattox. This marked the official Union victory of the American Civil War. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (PT 1)
Plessy v. Ferguson was a court case that questioned the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” belief. The case stemmed from an incident in 1892 where Homer Plessy refused to sit in the “black” train car as that’s where he was supposed to be. Plessy took this issue to court saying that his constitutional rights were violated. However, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal between blacks and whites. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Thus, Jim Crow laws and public accommodations based on race became even more widespread throughout the South. -
Spanish American War (PT 1)
The Spanish American War was a war fought between the United States and Spain. It started with the extreme repression on the Cubans over their Cuban independence efforts. The United States issues resolutions that declared their independence, demanding Spanish armed forces to withdraw from Cuba. Subsequently, Spain declared war on the United States and conflict broke out. -
Spanish American War (PT 2)
In the end, the Treaty of Paris was signed by Spain that officially gave Cuba their independence and the United States Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines (purchased for $20 million). -
T. Roosevelt’s Presidency
Teddy Roosevelt became president on September 14, 1901 following the assassination of William McKinley. When people think of Roosevelt, they usually think of national parks. Teddy Roosevelt made huge strides the National Parks and conservation efforts. He also initiated the beginning of construction to the Panama Canal. Roosevelt also resurrected the Sherman Antitrust Act that effectively broke up the ginormous railroad monopoly. His Presidency ended on March 4, 1901 after 8 years. -
(!!!) Creation of the Airplane (PT 1)
The Orville and Wilbur Wright brothers created the first ever flying airplane on December 17, 1903. Their airplane ride lasted a mere 12 seconds and went 120 feet. This flight is credited for being the first “controlled, powered and sustained heavier than air human flight”. The two brothers went to Europe and began to sell their airplanes and became wealthy businessmen because of this invention. -
(!!!!) Creation of the Airplane
The creation of the airplane sparked many innovations that led to the American life we know now, such as the telephone. This is important because the creation is a monumental invention that shows the power of humankind. -
(!!!) Creation of the Washing Machine (PT 1)
The first electric washing machine to be sold commercially in the United States was the Thor washing machine in 1907. The washing machine was designed by Alva J. Fisher and the patent was issued for this first ever electric washing machine on August 9, 1910. However, Fisher had been incorrectly credited with the invention as the US Patent Office shows at least one patent issued before Fisher’s. The true inventor of the electric washing machine remains unknown to this day. -
(!!!) Creation of the Washing Machine (PT 2)
The Thor washing machine was mass marketed in 1909 throughout the United States. In 1928, sales had reached 913,000 units, but due to high unemployment rates during the Great Depression, their sales were reduced. Still, the invention of the electric washing machine is important along with other modern appliances because it changed the name of the game for women. -
(!!!) Creation of the Washing Machine
It dramatically reduced the time it took to do laundry which allowed women to leave home and work. These innovations started society to stray from thought that women’s main and only role is to maintain a clean house and happy home. -
Wilson's Presidency (PT 1)
Woodrow Wilson is most known for being the president during World War 1. During the War, Wilson created the Fourteenth Point and took his ideas to the Paris Peace Conference with the other major Allies power after winning the war. Wilson’s ideas were based upon not punishing Germany for the war, having the borders of Europe split up by the countries themselves, and created the idea of the League of Nations. -
Wilson's Presidency (PT 2)
The League of Nations was adopted during the Conference but the other ideas mentioned above were not adopted. The Paris Peace Conference actually created the League of Nations and decided to punish Germany for the war and the main Allies powers will split up the countries themselves. -
World War 1 Starts
World War 1 was the first world war that started with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand who was killed by Bosnian Gavrilo Princip. World War one was not only started by the assassination, but my the abbreviation, MANIA. Militarism, assassination, nationalism, imperialism and alliances are all reasons that brought the whole war into this 4 year war. The “Great War” was fought on European territory and mostly was considered war using trench warfare. -
Panama Canal (PT 1)
The Panama Canal was a major historical event that transformed militia and trade. The Panama Canal was created by the United States, spending $352 million dollars after the French failed. The United States quickly recognized Panama as a independent country when they got their independence during the building of the canal showing their healthy foreign relations. -
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal project was taken on by the U.S. because if finished, it would allow for a strong navy to protect our country and give ships access to all oceans. -
Harlem Renaissance (PT 1)
Just some arts that came out of this time period included poetry, new visually interesting paintings, and jazz music. The main reason for the Harlem Renaissance was the Great Migration, the migration of thousands of blacks retreating to the North from the debilitating discrimination in the South. -
Harlem Renaissance (PT 1)
The Harlem Renaissance was a social, artistic, and intellectual explosion that happened during the Roaring 20s in Harlem, New York. However, during the time period it was known as “New Negro Movement”. This is what brought the huge explosion of jazz music, and was a blossoming of African American culture. It was a turning point of black cultural history and laid the foundation for African American literature. -
Wilson's Fourteen Points (PT 1)
Woodrow Wilson first delivered his Fourteen Point plan in a speech on January 18. His Fourteen Points speech outlined his plan towards peace negotiations for the end of World War 1. His speech’s main points included freedom to the seas, reduction of militia (from everybody), redrawing of specific borders by countries themselves (instead of allies), and the creation of the League of Nations. -
Wilson's Fourteen Points
After the war, Wilson took his 14 Points to the Paris Peace Conference and the only adopted “point” was the official creation of the League of Nations. -
World War 1 Ends
The Allies winning countries agreed upon dividing up the European countries themselves and putting blame on Germany for the war; making them pay. -
World War 1 Ends (PT 1)
After 4 years of stagnant behavior because of trench warfare, the Great War finally ended on November 11, 1918. The Allies won the war against the Central powers and met for the Paris Peace Conference to determine the consequences for Germany. An armistice between Germany and the Allies was signed to agree to stop fighting. This resulted in the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles which was the Allies powers meeting to determine what will happen post-war. -
Eighteenth Amendment
The eighteenth amendment was the only amendment to be repealed from the constitution. It banned the sale and consumption of alcohol but was highly ineffective. People got creative with ways to get their alcohol, and criminal that sold alcohol illegally made tons of money. The period of time the 18th amendment was in effect is known as Prohibition. Prohibition was highly ineffective because it created gangs and crime increased dramatically. -
Treaty of Versailles (PT 1)
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on the 28th of June, 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference. The Paris Peace Conference was the Allies meeting post war to discuss the specifics of moving forward. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties that ended World War 1 ending the fighting and war between Germany and the Allies Powers. It put full blame on Germany for the war and damages and created the League of Nations. -
Treaty of Versailles
The blame for the Great War on Germany meant they were required by the Allies and the Treaty of Versailles to pay for the damages, reparation costs. -
Prohibition (PT 2)
In short, it was terrible; it did not work at all because in the year time between ratification and implication people bought so much alcohol so they wouldn’t be buying it but they could still drink. When there stock ran out, they would buy alcohol off the black market. Prohibition also creating gangs and crime increased at a dramatic rate. -
Rise of the KKK (PT 1)
In the 1920s, The KKK, a white supremacist group, resurged to “preserve the white, Protestant civilization and instigate the reestablishment of white supremacy.” They targeted blacks, Jews, immigrants, Asians, Mexicans and Catholics on the basis of ‘Americanism’. The rise and resurgence of the KKK was due to the mass migrations of immigrants and the Great Migration, the move of thousands of African Americans from the South to North. -
Rise of the KKK
The rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan brought the peak of membership, at around 4-5 million members. -
Prohibition (PT 1)
Prohibition was the period of time that alcoholic beverage consumption, transportation and distribution was illegal. This amendment came into effect because of the insane amount of alcohol people were consuming in a short time. The federal government thought outlawing consumption would wean people off drinking and so the majority of the population wouldn’t be addicted. -
Nineteenth Amendment
The nineteenth amendment prohibits the states from denying anybody the right to vote on the basis of sex. This amendment finally gave women the right to vote after years influential women fighting for women’s suffrage. Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul were two of the women that helped lead the suffrage movement strived for voting rights for women at the state and federal level. This abolished the discrimination against women based on their gender. -
Scopes Trial
The verdict came that Scopes was found guilty for teaching evolution but later the verdict was overturned as it was seen as a violation to his first amendment rights. The significance of the trial was it sparked a public debate over creation and evolution. -
Scopes Trial (PT 1)
The Scopes Trials (AKA The Monkey Trial) was the persecution of John Scopes, a young high school teacher, for teaching evolution in a Tennessee public school. Teaching Evolution was recently outlawed in school that are funded by the state. The court case came about as a way to bring publicity for the town of Dayton and Scopes was asked to admit to teaching evolution for the mere purpose of persecution. -
Gitlow v. New York (PT 1)
The court case, Gitlow v. New York was the court case addressing multiple constitutional amendments. Benjamin Gitlow was considered to be a socialist and anarchist and was seen by the government as a threat. Gitlow spread magazines and newspapers that degraded the U.S. government with anti-government views. The government did not like what Gitlow was doing because they thought his words would spark an anti-government uprising. -
Gitlow v. Vew York
He was charged for “violating legislation that outlawed anti-government speech” but Gitlow said being convicted was a violation of his first and fourteenth amendment rights. The verdict was Gitlow was guilty of these charges but individual state governments were not allowed to deny citizens constitutional rights. -
Stock Market Crash (PT 1)
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was the sudden dramatic decline of stock prices. The economy had been growing rapidly in the Roaring 20s, but the stock market decline hit everybody so dramatically. Farmers, had their land taken, animals killed and experienced the dust bowl, people that invested in stocks got all their money taken from the and sold their stocks for a fraction of the purchasing costs and the people that had their money in banks had all their money disappear because of banks closed. -
Stock Market Crash of 1929
The FDIC did not exist yet, so all the money in banks disappeared when the banks went under. The Stock Market was a tragedy for everybody and disparity was at its height. -
(!!!!) The Great Depression
So, on October 29, AKA “Black Tuesday”, the stock market hit a crash that was devastating. The stock market took the biggest dip that wiped everything out of the economy. The most horrible thing about the crash was that it wiped out everybody’s money, even the people that didn’t invest in the stock market. This crash led to the Great Depression that put the majority of the people desperate for job, money, food, anything to survive. It was a tragic time in millions of Americans lives. -
(!!!) The Great Depression (PT 1)
After World War I, the United States hit a small recession followed by economic growth that was largely due to the health of the stock market. Since the economy was doing so well, people started buying on margin, especially buying stock on “credit”. The fact that everybody was buying on credit and the stock market was largely bought with loaned money from brokers should have been a warning that the current health of the economy was built on cards and wasn’t going to last. -
Roosevelt’s First Election (PT 1)
In the presidential election of 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt beat Herbert Hoover for the presidency. The election took place in the tragedy of the Great Depression, and this election brought a dramatic shift in political leadership going for decades of republican rule to democrat rule. When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected, he knew he had to bring big change and also bring relief to the general public. -
Roosevelt's First Election
FDR won by a landslide because of the massive decrease in support of Hoover showing FDR’s high levels of support and trust from the citizens that he will bring change. -
CCC (PT 1)
The Civilian Conservation Corps was a public work relief program created by FDR. It was a relief program that was created for unemployed, unmarried men. It took those men aged 18-25 and sent them into the woods and fields to plant trees, build parks and streets. These men sent their families back home $25 and got to keep $5. The CCC provided jobs for roughly 2.5 million people during the 10 years it was working. -
CCC
It was both a relief and recovery that was instituted to give jobs and money to young men during this dark time (The Great Depression). -
Social Security Act (PT 1)
The Social Security Act, just like the CCC, was created by FDR in his first 100 days in office. It was created to administer a national pension fund for retired citizens, make an unemployment insurance system, and a public assistance program for mothers and physically disabled. It is still in effect today, but it is the nation’s most important and expensive program. It covered about 49 million Americans and is accounting for about 1/4 of the federal budget. -
Social Secuirty Act
Unfortunately, Social Security is going out of business and people in my generation will not benefit from getting pensions after retirement. -
FDR’s Court Packing Scandal (PT 1)
The Court Packing deal was a name given by journalists for the unsuccessful Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 that was proposed by FDR. Roosevelt initiated the bill to increase the number of Supreme Court judges from 9 to 15. It was supposedly to increase the Court’s efficiency but Roosevelt thought of court packing as a way to ensure his New Deal programs and legislature would get passed by appointing judges that wouldn’t block them. -
FDR's Court Packing Scandal
It was ultimately not successful due to lack of support in Congress. Today, this failed bill is known as the Court Packing Scandal because people saw it as a way for FDR to influence whether or not his New Deal bills got passed.
