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Space Race
Launching satellites (Sputnik 1957; Soviet victory)
Race to the moon (U.S victory) -
How Was Cold War Fought
Arms race (each side built up huge nuclear arsenals)
1949 USSR achieved atomic explosion -
Technology
Technology on both sides let to advanced:
a. destructive power
b. numbers of weapons
c. methods of delivery -
Sports and Movies
Olympic games served as a cold war battlefield
2. stereotypes:
a. we portrayed the Soviets as cold & ruthless
b. they portrayed Americans as spoiled & undisciplined -
Rise of Bolsheviks
List of events that allowed the rise of bolsheviks in russia
- October revolution
- Czar Nicholas II
- Temporary Gov't
- Weak economy -
WWII Outcome
-Hitler violated the treaty of Versailles
-Germany invaded Poland with the blitskreig attack (ww11 begins)
- The U.S passed the Neutrality Act. What does it mean to warring nations?
- No arms from the U.S -
League of Nations
The U.S decided not to join the league of nations because they did not like alliances -
2 Italian brothers
Sacco and Vanzetti. They were convicted of robber and murder. -
Notes About Cold War
The U.S (free world) versus USSR (communist World)
would last about 45 years
neither country directly fought one another -
Works Progress Administration
The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency, employing millions of people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. -
Unwise foreign policy
Unwise Foreign policy was a huge part of the great depression -
Code Word
Code word FORTITUDE was a deception plan for overload -
Woodrow Wilson
He is an American who suffered from a stroke. He was distracted from WWI. He served as the 28th president and 34th governor of New Jersey. -
Mass Consumption
- Automobile
- Radio
- Vacuum cleaners
-
Franklin Roosevelt
-Born into a wealthy New York family
- Only child
- Harvard educated
- Defeated Herbert Hoover
- Created a "brain trust" -
What Sparked WWI
The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand. -
Causes of WWI
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Extreme Leaders -
Trench Warfare
It was miserable and it had lots of new technology and weapons -
Weapons
Machine guns
Zeppelin
Gas
Tank
Planes
Tornedoes -
Central Power
The Central Powers consist of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. -
Allied power
Allied powers are Serbia, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium and the United States. -
Lusitania
German submarines sink the Lusitania killing 128 Americans. -
Sussex Pledge
The Sussex Pledge is a promise not to attack ships without warning, but Germany sinks it anyway, a French passenger ship. -
Zimmerman Note
In the Zimmerman Note, Germany proposes an alliance with Mexico. Most people did not take the Zimmerman Not seriously. -
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution made America more willing to join the allies. Russian Revolution brings the republican government to Russia. -
New Techonology
Lots of new technology was added to the WWI -
1920 Election
James Cox, Wilsons choice, with V.P. running mate F. Roosevelt -
Transition From War To Peace
The isolationist spirit was strong after WWI. -
Warren G. Harding
He was elected president in 1922 -
Great Depression
The stock market crashed -
Cut Federal Income Tax
It didn't do much because taxes were already low and the wealthy saved their tax cut; frightened of the future. -
Depression Actions/ Policies
aimed at "priming the economic pump"
Federal Farm board
1. Coordinate crop production
2. Withhold crops from the market until prices rose. -
Dust Bowl
a drought and a storm that happened and farmers had to move west coast. -
Hoovervills
A place where people lived during the great depression -
Hawley- Smoot Tariff Act
- Raised to protective tariffs to their highest level ever The goal was to protect farmers and manufacturers
-
"Rugged Individualism"
- Opposed direct relief or "public assistance"
- Make sacrifices led the way w/ 20% cut of his own salary
- Urged states and local gov't to provide relief
-
RFC
Reconstruction Finance Corporation -
Rationing,Convoy,Manchuria
M: A resource-rich region in Northern China
R: Limiting the purchase of a variety of products
C: System where cargo ships traveled in groups escorted by navy warships. -
Appeasement
Giving in to the demands of an aggressor.
Appeasements that have happened:
- In 1938, Hitler annexed Austria and then demanded the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia.
-At Munich Conference, British and French leaders agreed to give Hitler a part of Czechoslovakia in order to avoid war. -
'Phony War'
Period of no fighting September 1939 - April 1940 -
Spanish Civil War
War between the fascists and socialists that led to Spain becoming a Fascist country. -
Names
FDR: President of the U.S when WWII started
Joseph Stalin: He was a dictator of the Soviet Union during WWII
Benito Mussolini: He founded Italy's Fascist Party. -
Nazism
An extreme form of facism shaped by Hitler's fanatical ideas about German nationalism and racial superiority -
Adolf Hitler
Leader of Nazi Germany, Mein Kampf was a book written by Hitler when he was in jail, Hitler took over Austria, for Rhineland; Hitler put the military in this demilitarized zone.
Hitler and Stalin did not sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact in which they agreed not to attack each other and they secretly divided up Poland.
-Hitler's surprise attack on Poland was known as Blitzkrieg or lightning of war. -
Gas
WWII Military Use: Transport Troops and supplies.
Todays Impact: You couldn't go on road trips. -
SHAEF
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force -
German Troops During The Battle Of The Bulge
11,171 German troops were killed in the battle of the bulge. -
Joachim Peiper
An American army officer. -
Fortitude
Mental and emotional strength in facing difficulty, adversity, danger, or temptation courageously.
The code word Fortitude was meant and planned to drive off German reserves. -
Fortitude North And South
NORTH was the invasion of Norway.
SOUTH was an invasion of France -
Neutrality Acts
Series of acts to keep the U.S out of the war. -
Winston Churchill
British prime minister -
Munich Conference
Consisted of Germany Italy Britain and France
Their pact was signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Germany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; -
Cash-n-Carry Policy
Purpose to aid Allies -
Causes of WWII
Nationalism, Imperialism, the Great Depression, and the Treaty of Versailles -
Allied Troops During The Battle
8,607 allied troops were killed in action during the battle of the bulge. -
Italy
Italy wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea
Italy invaded Ethiopia -
D-Day
Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy June 6, 1944
Also known as Operation Overlord -
German Thrust
The bridge off Losheimergraben was blown up.
The ultimate goal of the thrust involved in the battle of the bulge was Antwerp so they could cut off the supplies. -
Omaha Beach
Beach that company A of the 116 division landed on.
1 and 29th American divisions to land on Omaha -
The ENIGMA Code
The ENIGMA code machine was acquired by capturing the German Sub U110. -
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler created the battle of the bulge, The ultimate goal of the Germans thrust involved in the battle was Bastogne and one of the main factors that stalled the German thrust in the battle of the bulge was bad roads. -
Axis And Allied Powers
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied: U.S, Great Britain, Soviet Union, and France -
New Deal
By the end of 1940 in an attempt to help Britain, the U.S began loaning supplies through this act. -
Isms
Isolationism: a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
Expansionism: the policy of territorial or economic expansion.
Imperialism: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Nationalism: identification with one's own nation and support for its interests. At the start of WWII, the U.S adopted this policy -
1-5
1: Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany
2: Germany invades Poland
3: pearl harbor was bombed
4: Germany surrenders
5: u.s dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima -
Truman Doctrine
A policy that America would provide economic and military aid to any nation fighting communism. -
Capitalism & Communism
Capitalism: Economic system based on private property, including private ownership of the means of production, and the profit motive.
Communism: International peace-keeping organization after WWII -
38th Parallel
System of gov't in which a single party controls a state-owned economy. -
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. -
WWII & WWI
WWII: The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers. Because Germany had lost the war, the treaty was very harsh against Germany.
WWI: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. However historians feel that a number of factors contributed to the rivalry between the Great powers that allowed war on such a wide-scale to break out. -
Agricultural Adjustment Act
The Agricultural Adjustment Act was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. The Government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land. -
Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was eventually expanded to ages 17–28. -
Social Security Act
On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. -
Blitzkrieg
an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory. -
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. -
Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. -
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953 as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier. -
bank run
the banking crisis is when many backs crisis is many banks suffer -
Lend Lease
The Lend-Lease Act was a United States program to provide the Allied powers with aid and military materiel in World War II. -
Executive Order
In the United States, an executive order is a directive issued by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government and has the force of law. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. -
Alger hiss
Alger Hiss was an American government official who was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. Before he was tried and convicted, he was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department official and as a U.N. official. -
Rural areas
Rural areas are countryside areas or anywhere outside of the city.
It didn't benefit the most from economic prosperity.
