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Period: 1337 to 1453
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England. This was all over the succession of the French throne. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings. -
1347
Black Death
The Black Death was one of the most devastating events in human history. Also referred to as the black plague, it had an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Europe and Asia. This started by ships at a port of Messina after a journey in the Black Sea. These ships carried rats which first had the disease. The men o these ships carried the disease with them throughout Eurasia. -
1350
Renaissance Beginning
This was a period in European civilization that followed the Middle Ages. The renaissance was also a word they used for "rebirth". This was a time of great thinking and ideas of society. Also inventions were a big factor as the printing press was invented during this time and was a huge help in producing books. By the end of the 16th century the battle of Reformation and Counter-Reformation had much of Europe’s energy and attention, while the next event coming was the Enlightenment. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
In 1415, the Hundred Years War between England and France started a bad phase. King Henry V of England invaded France and won a series of victories against the army of King Charles VI. Years later, Joan and the French commanders led the French into a few of great victories over the English. On On May 23 of 1431, while leading a sortie against the Burgundians, she was captured. Then, May 30, Joan, 19 years old, was burned at the stake at the Place du Vieux-Marche in Rouen. -
1440
Johahannes Gutenberg Printing Press
The first thing printed was a version of the bible. This was invented during the great time of big ideas, the Renaissance. This was a big invention because it helped produce books quickly and efficiently. The Bible was the first thing printed and is now the number one book printed. If this printing press wouldn't have been invented we could still be struggling to finish books. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The Byzantine Empire came to and end when the Constantinople fell. It fell to the Ottoman Turks in May of 1453. It is widely quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages. The Ottomans killed the emperor as he attempted a counterattack with his remaining defenders. Constantinople’s port alongside the walls, was blocked by a chain, so Mehmed, the Ottoman leader had his ships dragged from the Bosphorus across land on logs. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to identify heretics among those who converted from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism. In 1502 Jews and Muslims were ordered to convert into Catholicism by the Spanish. If they refused to do this they were to leave Spain or even some were killed. Then the Spanish started to kill lots of more people when they would not convert. about 150,000 people were charged with crimes by the Inquisition and around 3,000–5,000 people were executed. -
1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the interchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World. The "New World" was considered the Americas while the "Old World" was Europe. The New World got cattle, chicken, pig, banana, coffee, as well as others. The Old World got turkey, llama, cocoa beans, sweet potato, tobacco and more, As well as all these goods they got, there was also a bad exchange of diseases that were harmful. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
It took Christopher Columbus a lot of hard work before he landed in the Americas. He did a lot more exploring and failed a lot too. But, he did not even intend to land where he did. People wanted to know a route to the tip of southern Asia which Columbus tried to find. Then he landed in the Americas by confusion. -
1507
Mona Lisa Completion
Leonardo de Vinci was a Renaissance enthusiast and also a painter. He had great ideas and paintings during the time of the Renaissance. He was the one who created the painting of Mona Lisa. It is described as the most well-known and most visited painting. Leonardo finished it sometime in 1507 making it one of the best painting in history. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo was an artist in the Italian Renaissance who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He was known as probably the most famous artist of the Renaissance. Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to switch from sculpting to painting to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He revealed the painting in 1512. He worked on this project alone. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII reign
Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old son of the king Henry Vlll as king. Henry is best known for his six marriages and, in particular, his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled. His disagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation. Separating the Church of England from papal authority and appointing himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther's Post 95 Theses
In 1517, scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. As well as a scholar, Martin Luther was also a priest. He had a lot of opinions of what he thinks. He posted these opinions in a church in Wittenburg Germany. His action of doing this started the Protestant Reformation and which angered a lot of people who wanted him dead. -
Aug 13, 1521
Cortez Defeats the Aztecs
The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, beginning in February 1519, was one of the most significant events in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The Spanish campaign began in February 1519, following the Spanish arrival in Yucatán in 1517. During the campaign. Cortés was given support from a number of tributaries and rivals of the Aztecs. The fall of the Aztec Empire was the key event in the formation of the Spanish overseas empire, with New Spain, which later became Mexico. -
Period: Dec 3, 1533 to Jan 16, 1547
Ivan the Terrible’s Reign
The grandson of Ivan the Great, Ivan the Terrible, or Ivan IV, acquired lots of amounts of land during his long reign (1533-1584). He was responsible for murdering boyar families and going on a rampage. He went on this rampage of killing lots of people because he was in great depression. He went into depression because of the killing of his wife by the boyars. He was a terrible man and had lots wrong with him mentally after his wife's murdering. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter-Reformation
The counter reformation is also referred to as the catholic reformation. This was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. This began with The Council of Trent and ended with the Thirty Years War. t also involved political activities that included the Roman Inquisition. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Schmalkaldic League. It was signed on September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. This is also referred to as the Augsburg Settlement. This document allowed rulers to chose Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their people. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Queen Elizabeth's reign
Elizabeth claimed the throne in 1558 at the age of 25 and held it until her death 44 years later. She was born a princess as her dad was Henry VIII. She accomplishes many things during her reign like establishing protestantism in England. Also, one of her greatest things was using her clever tactics to stop the Spanish Armada. If he did not stop the armada, history could have changed a lot. -
Spanish Armada
King Philip II sent 130-ships on a mission to guide an invasion force to the coast of England and try to defeat Queen Elizabeth I. Only with a few ships it seemed like an obvious unfair match. Although, Elizabeth had clever tactics which helped her stop the Spanish. She sent burning ships into the Armada which made them flee. Even though they still tried this multiple times, the Queen would not let the Spanish defeat her. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France. It granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights in the nation. These people were also known as Huguenots. The edict separated civil from religious unity. It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century. -
William Shakespeare's Death
William was an English playwright, actor and poet often called England’s national poet. In his 20 years of playwriting, Shakespeare wrote plays that capture the range of human emotion and conflict. He wrote a total of 37 plays that were about histories, tragedies, comedies and tragicomedies. His plays were for anyone in any class, you didn't have to be rich to see his plays. His death still remains a mystery as people are still figuring things out. -
William Shakespeare’s Death
The cause of Shakespeare's death is a mystery. On 23 April 1616, his 52nd birthday, William Shakespeare died. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Stratford, the same place he was baptized. But, his death hasn't found a cause yet. -
Petition of Rights
The Petition of Right is a major English constitutional document that sets out rules of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. Passed in June 1628, the Petition contains restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation. Forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and the use of martial law. Despite debates over its legal status, the Petition of Right was highly influential. Domestically, the Petition is seen as "one of England's most famous constitutional documents. -
King Charles the First Executed
Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father, King James I. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess. In 1642, the struggle between king and Parliament for supremacy led to the outbreak of the first English civil war. After Charles surrendered, Charles was forced to appear before a court controlled by his enemies, where he was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. -
Lord George McCartney Expelled
Lord George McCartney was a British statesman, colonial administrator and diplomat. He is often remembered for his observation following Britain's success. Also, in the Seven Years War and subsequent territorial expansion at the Treaty of Paris. Appointed envoy extraordinary to Russia in 1764, he succeeded in negotiating with Catherine II an alliance between Great Britain.
