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History class timeline

By RicardoGarcia
  • Stone Age
    30,000 BCE

    Stone Age

  • Period: 30,000 BCE to 11,999 BCE

    Paleolithic

  • Period: 12,000 BCE to 7999 BCE

    Mesolithic

  • Period: 8000 BCE to 3499 BCE

    Neolithic

  • Period: 3500 BCE to 3299 BCE

    Copper/Chalcolithic Age

  • Period: 3300 BCE to 2099 BCE

    Early Bronze Age

  • Ancient Egypt
    3100 BCE

    Ancient Egypt

    Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, beginning the dynastic period.
  • Mesopotamia
    3000 BCE

    Mesopotamia

    Development of the first city-states in Sumer, such as Ur and Uruk.
  • Indus Valley
    2600 BCE

    Indus Valley

    Rise of major urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
  • Period: 2100 BCE to 1499 BCE

    Middle Bronze Age

  • Ancient China
    2070 BCE

    Ancient China

    The beginning of the Xia Dynasty, considered the first Chinese dynasty.
  • Nok Civilization
    1500 BCE

    Nok Civilization

    Early development of the Nok culture in West Africa, known for advanced ironworking and terracotta sculptures.
  • Period: 1500 BCE to 1198 BCE

    Late Bronze Age

  • Period: 1200 BCE to 599 BCE

    Iron Age

  • Kushite Kingdom
    1070 BCE

    Kushite Kingdom

    Establishment of the Kingdom of Kush in Nubia (modern-day Sudan), becoming a major power in Northeast Africa.
  • Ancient Greece
    776 BCE

    Ancient Greece

    Traditional founding of the Olympic Games and beginning of Greek city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta.
  • Judaism
    600 BCE

    Judaism

    Development of Judaism as a religious tradition in ancient Israel.
  • Period: 600 BCE to 499

    Classical Antiquity

  • Roman Republic
    509 BCE

    Roman Republic

    Establishment of the Roman Republic after the overthrow of the Roman monarchy.
  • Buddhism
    500 BCE

    Buddhism

    Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, is born in Lumbini, Nepal.
  • Golden Age of Athens
    480 BCE

    Golden Age of Athens

    Height of Athenian culture, art, and democracy, especially under Pericles.
  • Empire of Alexander the Great
    336 BCE

    Empire of Alexander the Great

    Alexander begins his conquests, creating a vast empire that spreads Greek culture throughout the known world.
  • Hellenism
    323 BCE

    Hellenism

    The spread of Greek culture across the eastern Mediterranean and Asia following Alexander’s death.
  • Seleucid Empire
    312 BCE

    Seleucid Empire

    Founded by Seleucus I Nicator, covering much of Alexander’s former Asian territories.
  • Ptolemaic Egypt
    305 BCE

    Ptolemaic Egypt

    Ptolemy I Soter establishes the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt after Alexander's empire splits.
  • Antigonid Dynasty (Macedonia)
    276 BCE

    Antigonid Dynasty (Macedonia)

    Founded by Antigonus II Gonatas, establishing control over Macedonia and Greece.
  • First Triumvirate
    60 BCE

    First Triumvirate

    Informal political alliance in Rome between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, seeking to control Roman politics.
  • Roman Empire
    27 BCE

    Roman Empire

    Augustus (Octavian) becomes the first Roman emperor, marking the transition from Republic to Empire.
  • Christianity
    30

    Christianity

    Jesus of Nazareth is crucified, marking the spread of Christianity.
  • Maya Civilization
    250

    Maya Civilization

    The Maya civilization reaches its peak in Mesoamerica.
  • Western and Eastern Roman Empires
    285

    Western and Eastern Roman Empires

    Division of the Roman Empire into two parts by Emperor Diocletian.
  • Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
    330

    Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)

    Constantinople is established as the capital, and the Eastern Empire continues after the fall of the West.
  • Fall of the Western Roman Empire
    476

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire

    Marks the end of the Western Empire as Romulus Augustulus is deposed by Odoacer.
  • Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.
    493

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.

  • The second Triumvirate
    500

    The second Triumvirate

    Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus.
  • Byzantine Empire
    527

    Byzantine Empire

    Continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks (finished on 1453.)
  • Islam
    610

    Islam

    Prophet Muhammad receives the first revelation, marking the beginning of Islam.
  • The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.
    711

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.

  • Battle of Tours
    732

    Battle of Tours

    Charles Martel halts the northward advance of Islamic forces.
  • Coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor
    800

    Coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor

    By Pope Leo III, uniting much of Western Europe.
  • Attacks and Invasions
    800

    Attacks and Invasions

    Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions across Europe.
  • Feudalism
    800

    Feudalism

    The feudal system becomes widespread in Europe.
  • Treaty of Verdun
    843

    Treaty of Verdun

    divides the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons.
  • Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
    962

    Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor

    Reinforcing the idea of a revived Western Empire
  • The Great Schism
    1054

    The Great Schism

    Formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.
  • Catholic Church’s Power
    1054

    Catholic Church’s Power

    The Great Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, increasing the political power of the Catholic Church in Western Europe.
  • Norman Conquest of England
    1066

    Norman Conquest of England

    William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Hastings.
  • Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.
    1095

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

  • Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade.
    1099

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade.

  • Concordat of Worms
    1122

    Concordat of Worms

    Resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • Launch of the Second Crusade.
    1147

    Launch of the Second Crusade.

  • Battle of Hattin
    1187

    Battle of Hattin

    Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem.
  • Beginning of the Third Crusade
    1190

    Beginning of the Third Crusade

    Led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart.
  • Signing of the Magna Carta in England
    1215

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England

    Laying foundations for constitutional governance.
  • End of the Albigensian Crusade
    1229

    End of the Albigensian Crusade

    With the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in southern France.
  • Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe
    1241

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe

    (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European political dynamics.
  • Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England
    1265

    Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England

    Becomes an early model of representative government.
  • Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity.
    1274

    Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity.

  • Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam
    1302

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam

    Asserting papal supremacy.
  • The Great Famine begins in Europe
    1315

    The Great Famine begins in Europe

    Severely impacting population and society.
  • Aztec Civilization
    1325

    Aztec Civilization

    The city of Tenochtitlán is founded, becoming the center of the Aztec Empire.
  • Crises
    1347

    Crises

    The Black Death pandemic begins, devastating the European population.
  • Beginning of the Western Schism
    1378

    Beginning of the Western Schism

    Splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes.
  • Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance
    1415

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance

    Sparking early reformist movements.
  • Portuguese Expeditions Begin
    1415

    Portuguese Expeditions Begin

    Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors Portuguese exploration along the African coast.
  • The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope
    1417

    The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope

  • Inca Civilization
    1438

    Inca Civilization

    The Inca Empire is founded, expanding across the Andes in South America.
  • Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks
    1453

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks

    Marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
  • Gutenberg prints the first Bible
    1455

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible

    Revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with movable type.
  • Castilian Expeditions
    1492

    Castilian Expeditions

    Christopher Columbus, funded by Castile, reaches the Americas.
  • Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal
    1494

    Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal

  • Discovery of America
    1500

    Discovery of America

    Discovery of America.
  • Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg
    1517

    Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg

    Sparking the Protestant Reformation.
  • The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings
    1521

    The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings

  • Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V
    1527

    Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V

    Symbolizing the decline of papal political
    power.
  • Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England
    1534

    Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England

  • Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres
    1543

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres

    Marking a shift in scientific thought.
  • The Council of Trent commences
    1545

    The Council of Trent commences

    Launching the Counter-Reformation within the
    Catholic Church.
  • The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio
    1555

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio

    Eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire.
  • The Spanish Armada is defeated by England

    The Spanish Armada is defeated by England

    Altering the balance of naval power in Europe.
  • The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe

    The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe

  • The English Civil War begins

    The English Civil War begins

    Leading to significant shifts in power and
    governance.
  • The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty

    The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty

  • The Glorious Revolution in England

    The Glorious Revolution in England

    Establishes a constitutional monarchy.
  • The English Bill of Rights is enacted

    The English Bill of Rights is enacted

    Reinforcing parliamentary power and
    individual rights.
  • The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain

    The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain

  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession

    The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession

    Reshaping the balance of power in Europe.
  • Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France

    Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France

  • The Seven Years’ War begins

    The Seven Years’ War begins

    A global conflict that reconfigures colonial empires.
  • The Battle of the Plains of Abraham decisively influences the fate of New France in North America

    The Battle of the Plains of Abraham decisively influences the fate of New France in North America

  • The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution

    The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution

    Heralding vast economic and social changes.
  • The American Revolutionary War begins

    The American Revolutionary War begins

  • The American Declaration of Independence is adopted

    The American Declaration of Independence is adopted

    Adam Smith publishes his
    magnum opus ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’.
  • The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War

    The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War

  • The French Revolution begins

    The French Revolution begins

    Radically transforming French society and politics.
  • The French National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

    The French National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

  • Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire

    Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire

  • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French

    Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French

  • The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

    The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

  • The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act

    The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act

    Abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.
  • The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule

    The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule

  • Napoleon invades Russia

    Napoleon invades Russia

    A campaign that ultimately weakens his army.
  • Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe

    Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe

  • Napoleon abdicates

    Napoleon abdicates

  • The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

    The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

  • The Greek War of Independence begins

    The Greek War of Independence begins

  • Mexican War of Independence concludes

    Mexican War of Independence concludes