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Immigration before the war
Immigrants are brought in to build the agricultural system and to be workers. They only bring in white europeans. Asian and jewish immigrants are marginalized. -
Start of Duplessis era
Duplessis rises to power in Quebec. He believes in the traditional ways used by New France. He gives the Church more power such as education, health care and influence in the government. He also pushes rural life because he thinks it will lead to unemployment. He makes agriculture the main Canadian business practice. He lets in American investors. He gives electricity to rural ares to make it a more appealing life (rural electrification). He believed in separation of Quebec. -
End of WW2
The US sends two nuclear bombs to Japan which hit the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, this causes Japan to surrender and the allies win the war. -
Exploitation of natural ressources
Mining grows dramatically. New regions are built and developed. Railways are built. Hydro plants are built. This happens through time (1945-1980). -
Period: to
Chapter 3
1945-1980 -
Immigration after WW2
refugees from Europe, war brides and people without homes are brought in after the war. Many jewish refugees are brought in in particular. Quebec makes less racist immigration laws to encourage more immigrants. -
Cold War
The US and Russia had different views concerning how they want to govern, however they were allies so they did not want to fight. The US decided that instead of directly fighting them, they gave weapons to the people already at war with the Russians. The US's way of governing was capitalist and Russia was communist. -
Growing opposition for Duplessis
Union leaders accuse him of serving American interest over Quebec interest. The Church opposes him for his position on the Asbestos strike. Intellectuals, journalists and politicians criticized his lack of progress -
Major developments during Duplessis era
Rural electrification: Tries to appeal rural life by giving them electricity. Develops new regions through American investors. Padlock law: Supposed to be used to arrest communist supporters, but used to arrest government opponents. Baby boom happens: Soldiers get back to their families and have babies. Americanization of life: Individual and material comfort is promoted. -
Consumer society
Higher wages, less working hours and a more comfortable life style is adopted into Canadian society. People are buying more cars and appliances. Everyone watched both American and Canadian TV. Both partners work, so people have more disposable income. -
Canadian Sovereignty in the arctic
Canada put inuits in the Arctic in hopes that it would help them be able to claim territory up there. -
Duplessis nationalist policies
He creates the Quebec flag in hopes that it would help gain Quebec independence. Introduced provincial income tax plan which brings brings more money in to the Quebec government. Refuses to accept money from Canadian government for education and families purposes because he believes that it is provincial jurisdiction. -
Natural growth
Decline in birth rate after baby boom for many reasons. One is because of the decrease in power of the church. -
Duplessis is beat
Liberals defeat Duplessis' party (Union Nationale). Jean Lesage becomes premier. -
Urban Agglomeration
Increase in people from baby boom and immigration changes the landscape. Suburbs are created. Cities are spread out. Cars become more popular, which causes more roads to be built. -
Quiet revolution
The liberal party led by Jean Lesage makes major changes. They increase the role of the state, hydro-Quebec becomes government owned, TC hwy expands, educational system is modernized, and the influence of the Church is weakened. More intellectuals and unions are present. -
Nationalist sentiments in Quebec
Quebecers are upset because they feel that they don't get the same opportunities as the English. The independence movement gains momentum. Groups like the FLQ use violence to try and achieve their goal. Rene Levesque creates the PQ and tries to gain independence through legal actions. -
Neo-nationalism
The french want their identity to be recognized. More cultural venues are built. Montreal metro is personalized and designed by a french designer. Singers sing about their political views. -
End of residential schools
Indians are still being assimilated. Residential schools are seen as a failure because of their cost. Quebec opens new schools where they have academic and practical training. Government eventually pulls the funding in '69. -
Relationships between first nations and states
negotiating their independence with the government. They rejected the withe paper of 1969 because they wanted special rights and the federal government wanted to make equal to Canadian citizens. -
Aboriginalism
They start to demand rights. They want to preserve their culture, territory, language and general way of life. They also want mor autonomy with education. -
Language issue
3 bills are passed to try and make the french happy.
In '69, bill 63 is passed which was a law that promoted the french language.
In '74, bill 22 is passed to make french the official language of Quebec.
In '77, bill 101 is passed which made all immigrants attend french school, public signs have to be mostly french. -
Protection of farmland
New law to protect farmland. It is now much more accessible for farmers and less accessible for large businesses.
