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Period: Jun 24, 1509 to
House of Tudor
From 1485 with King Henry VII of England to 1603 with Queen Elizabeth I -
Period: Jun 24, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII
It's important to notice that he never was a Protestant. Furthermore, in 1521 Henry VIII and Thomas Moore publish ‘Defence of the Seven Sacraments’ in respond of Martin Luther (German who refuted the existence of the purgatory and believed in the salvation through ‘Faith Alone’ ‘Sola Fide’) ‘Ninety-Five Theses’, published in 1517 where he criticized the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther is also excommunicated in 1521 -
1534
Act of Supremacy & Act of Succession
Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.
Henry VIII became Head of the church in England, ain't the Pope anymore. Henry VIII broke with the Pope but not with Catholicism and its doctrine, as he never was a Protestant.
Opposition to the National church was like treason, Subjects had to swear the ‘Oath of Supremacy’. Act of Succession required his subjects to accept the King's marriage to Anne Boleyn as 'undoubted, true, sincere and perfect' -
1536
Act of Union with Wales & 'Ten Articles'
Act of Union : Wales is now included in the Kingdom of England The ‘Ten Articles’ is a compromise between New Catholicism and Protestant ideas The same year :
-John Calvin published 'Institutio Christianae Religionis' in latin
-Anne Boleyn was beheaded
-Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour
-The Dissolution of the monasteries started leading to rebelions like the Pilgrimage of Grace in the Northern England -
1537
The Coverdale Bible
It is the First translation of the Bible with Royale Licence, by Myles Coverdale. In 1538, Henry VIII ordered a copy of the English Bible is in every church. But years before, in 1525 William Tyndale (protestant) translated the New Testament in English and made 3000 copies. Only it was forbiden without Royal Licence. And in 1536 William Tyndale is executed for heresy. -
1539
The Great Bible & Six Articles
The Great Bible is the new official English translation of the Bible.
The Six Articles sought to establish the Supremacy of the Church of England -
1542
Roman Inquisition
Roman Inquisition created by Pope Paul III to control heresy (belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious) particularly Protestantism -
Period: 1547 to 1549
Regent Edward Seymour
Edaward Seymour, Duke of Somerset served as Lord Protector of England. He was the elder brother of King Edward's mother, Jane Seymour. -
Period: Feb 20, 1547 to Jul 6, 1553
King Edward VI
As the only son of Henry VIII, he became King at nine years old. Following the foot step of his father, he led the Kingdom of England out of the Chatolicism. Unfortunately he fell ill and died at fifteen. Despite all his effort to prevent the country's return to Catholicism, his Catholic elder sister Mary, took his succession to the Crown of England. -
1549
Book of Common Prayer & Act of Uniformity
The Book of Common prayer describe how to properly practice religion, worship God on the Church of England.
While the Act of Uniformity sought to unify religious worship across England. -
Period: 1550 to 1553
Regent John Dudley
John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, served as 'primus inter pares' (First Among Equals), rather than as Lord Protector. -
1552
Book of Common Prayer & Act of Uniformity
Succeeded and replaced the previous ones. -
1553
Forty-Two Articles of Faith
Accompanying the previous Book and Act, it was leading the Church of England to Protestantism -
Period: Jul 10, 1553 to Jul 19, 1553
Lady Jane Grey Nine Days
Daughter-in-law of John Dudley and cousin to Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey was the first heir to the Crown of England following Edward will. However her reign is disputed, since she has never been crowned. -
Period: Oct 1, 1553 to Nov 17, 1557
Queen Mary I
'Bloody Mary'
She had a messy reign, not long enough to rebuilt what was destroyed. Yet she tried to establishe the Counter Reformation, restoring Papal authority and the Catholic worship, executing those who opposed it and persecuting Protestants.
In 1558, Mary I lost Calais face of the French. And she died having no child to succeed her. -
Period: Jan 15, 1558 to
Queen Elizabeth I
Nicknamed the 'Virgin Queen’ because she never married. She was a skilled politician, commited to a strong monarchy and to the strenght of the Crown. She also believed King and Queen's power were given by God, and ruled with counsellors and a restricted Privy Council. During her long reign she aimed to restore religious unity (through Protestantism) and political stability and also to make England a great power. -
1559
Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity & Treason Act
Act of Supremacy : the Queen was made Supreme Governor of the Church of England
Act of Uniformity : Doctrine of the Church of England and New Prayer Book
Treason Act: Illegale to challenge her claim to power -
1569
Northern Rebellion
Pro Spanish, Catholic nobles from Northern England tried to remove Queen Elizabeth I from the Throne of England in favor of Mary, Queen of Scots. They failed. -
1570
Elizabeth's Excommunication from the Catholic Church
Pope Pius V officialy excommunicate Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. She is no longer part of the Catholic world and due to the threat of a Spanish Invasion, Catholic were seen as Traitors. It raised Religious Conflicts. -
1571
Subscription Act
The subscription act forced the Clergy to assert to the Thirty-Nine Articles, passed in 1563,which where less radical than the previous Forty-Two Articles Articles.
The same year there was another Treason Act. -
Aug 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
It is the massacre of protestants that started on St. Bartholomew's Day in France, around 1000 huguenots. -
1574
End of Serf dom
Serf dom is formally ended but not practicaly yet -
1577
Circumnavigation of Sir Francis Drake
The Circumnavigation of Sir Francis Drake lasted until 1580. On her way to make England a great power in Europe and the world (British Empire) Elizabeth encouraged a policy of exploration. During the Trans Oceanic Adventures 'sky was the limit' in rivalry with Spain. So 'Charter' were granted by the Crown to Pivate Companies authorizing them to get the exclusivity over trade in certain regions -
Execussion of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary of Scotland is executed due to Advisors who convinced Elizabeth. She was suspected of being part of a movement to renverse the power in England. -
Defeat of the Spanish Invincible Armada
The Defeat of the Spanish Invincible Armada marked the creation of a strong English Identity. Also trough the painting where Elizabeth is represented with the defeated Armada. -
Period: to
Nine Years’ War
Led mainly by Hugh O’Neil, Earl of Tyroe (Irishman) against Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex and Charles Blount, Lord of Mountjoy (after 1601). Elizabeth increased the number of ‘New English’ Protestant plantations, expropriating local Catholic landlords.
Ireland became an English 'Colony' -
Period: to
King James I
James Ist was already King of Scots when he became King of England. As King of Scots he published in 1597'The True Law of Free Monarchies' and in 1599, 'Basilikon Doron'
When James became King of England in 1603, the Union of the Crowns united England and Scotland on some political basis.The Union Jack (for James) also found is origin in 1606. -
Period: to
House of Stuart
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Hampton Court Conference
Hampton Court Conference, was a meetinng between King James and the representatives of the Church of England which resulted into the 1604 Book of Common Prayer and into th 1611 King James Bible (the Poetic Bible) -
Gunpowder Plot
Gunpowder Plot was an unsuccessful attempt to explode the House of Lords while King James. -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
Establishment of the English Colony of Jamestown, on May the 14 by the Virginia Company. -
Period: to
James Ist rules without parliament
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Puritan Emigration
In the 1620s started the Puritan Emigration from England to Colonies in North America. It is related with the Mayflower, famous sailing ship which transported English families to the New World. -
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King Charles I
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Period: to
Eleven years of Tyranny
In March 1629 Charles I enter in his Personnal Rule, which lasted until 1640.
After increasing tensions between the Parliament and the King, related to the Petition of Right, 1628, seeking to limit King's power and to the Three Resolutions, early 1629, denouncing the importance of Armanianism in the Church of England. -
Book of Common Prayer (for the Kirk)
cf. Scottish Crisis -
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Scottish Crisis
In 1637 King Charles the Ist and archbishop William Laud published the 'Book of Common Prayer' for the Kirk (the Church of Scotland).
In 1638 the National Covenant, signed by thousandds of Scots (Scottish Elite, Covenanters), opposed to the previous Book.
This attempt to change religious practice inScotland resulted in the Scottish Crisis and later in the Bishops' War. -
Period: to
Bishops' War
Result of the Scotish Crisis -
Short Parliament
Charles I call in the parliament from April to May to gather money for the Bishops' War -
Period: to
Long Parliament
From September 1640 to 1660, after King Charles I defeat at the Bishops’ War. -
The Irish Rebellion & The Grand Remonstrance
The Irish Rebellion was about Irish men fighting for the freedom to worship their Religion, the Catholicism, and also fighting to recover confiscated Catholic lands.
The same year happened The Grand Remonstrance passed on November the 22nd by the House of Commons and presented to the King on December the 1st. The Parliament expressed its opposition to Charles I policies. It is also one of the main event leading to the Civil War -
Period: to
First English Civil War
Charles attempt to arrest 5 Mps on January the 3rd 1642 led to the Outbreak of The English Civil War, when Charles Ist raises his standard at nottingham on August the 22nd.
This War opposed the Royalists (Cavaliers) and the Parliamentarians (Roundheads). In Ireland, Scotland and England.
Finally in 1646, Charles I surrenders to the Scots -
Truce between Charles’ forces and the Confederation of Kikenny
In September the Confederates negotiated a ceasefire. -
New Model Army
The New Model Army, formed by the Parliamentarians served against the Royalist in the English Civil War. -
Riot against Christmas Cancelation
This year Christmas was canceled in all the English Kingdom, even in Ireland and Scotland following new Puritans beliefs/rules. This raised a riots against Christmas Cancelation the 'Plum Pudding Riots'. -
Putney Debates and the Secret 'Engagement'
In November, took place the Putney Debates, following Charles I defeat in the Civil War, it was debates about a political settlement in England.
Following the debates, a secret negotiation between Charles (Imprisoned on the Isle of Wight) and Scottish Lords led to an ‘engagement’ where the King should impose presbyterianism in England if they helped him to restore his power in Scotland and in England. This event led to the Second Civil War. -
Second English Civil War and Pride's Purge
The Second English Civil War took place from February to May. On December the 5th, the parliament decides to settle with Charles, after a vote by the majority. The day following, on December the 6th, Col. Thomas Pride arrests / excludes the MPs who voted to settle. It is the Pride's Purge. Indeed, the Army sought for a Republic, when the Presbyterians sought for a restricted Royalty. -
Charles I Trial and Execution x Abolition of Monarchy
In January, the trial of Charles I took place, but as he refused to plead he is condemned to be executed. Charles the Ist, King of England and VIst King of Scots is executed on January the 30th. Following these events the Abolition of Monarchy and the House of Lords is proclaimed on February the 7th. -
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Republic of England, The Commonwealth
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Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell
Olicver Cromwell was a Member of the Parliament from 1628 to 1629 and from 1640 to 1642. Then he became Commander in the New Model Army. He was a Puritan and believed his victory in wars were due to God approval.
In 1653 he became Lord Protector, appreciated by both the Army and the Presbyterians.
In 1658, Presbyterians proposed him to reestablish 'Kingship', what he refused and finally named an heir : his son Richard. -
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Protectorate
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Lord Protector Richard Cromwell
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King Charles II
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House of Stuart
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King James II
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Queen Mary II
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King William III
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Queen Anne
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Act of Union with the Kingdom of Scotland
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King George I
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House of Hanover
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King George II
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King George III
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Act of Union with the Kingdom of Ireland