-
3500 BCE
First Egyptian Dynasty
-
2900 BCE
Fourth Egyptian Dynasty
-
2000 BCE
The Call of Abraham, Father of the Jewish People
-
2000 BCE
Hammurabi Unifies Babylonia and writes his famous Laws
-
1800 BCE
The Israelites settle in Egypt
-
Period: 1800 BCE to 1580 BCE
The Hyksos or Shepherd Kings rule in Egypt
-
Period: 1580 BCE to 1328 BCE
The Tell el Ararna Period
The eighteenth Dynasty rules in Egypt. Egypt is at the height of its power. -
Period: 1460 BCE to 1420 BCE
The Five Books of Moses are Composed
-
1415 BCE
The Exodus
The Israelites leave Egypt under Moses, wander in the desert for forty years, and finally settle under Josue in the Promised Land. -
Period: 1400 BCE to 1100 BCE
Judges rule over Israel
-
1200 BCE
Trojan War
-
Period: 1100 BCE to 1011 BCE
Samuel and Saul
-
Period: 1013 BCE to 973 BCE
Reign of King David
-
Period: 1013 BCE to 973 BCE
Compositions of the Psalms of David and the Book of Ruth
-
Period: 973 BCE to 933 BCE
Reign of King Solomon
-
Period: 973 BCE to 933 BCE
Composition of Proverbs and the Canticle of Canticles
-
Period: 973 BCE to 933 BCE
The Reign of Hiram
Hiram rules over the flourishing maritime kingdom of Tyre in Phoenicia. -
933 BCE
The Kingdom of David is Divided
The Kingdom of Israel in the North with Samaria as the capital, including ten tribes. The Kingdom of Juda in the South with Jerusalem as the capital, comprised of the tribes of Juda and Benjamin. -
931 BCE
Invasion of Israel and Juda
Sisac invades Juda and Israel. -
Period: 800 BCE to 585 BCE
Isias, Micheas, Nahum, Habacuc, Sophonias, and Jerimias Prophesy in Juda
-
Period: 800 BCE to 585 BCE
Writing of Job
-
Period: 780 BCE to 722 BCE
Amos and Osee prophesy in Israel, Jonah to the Ninivites
-
Period: 780 BCE to 722 BCE
Composition of the First and Second Books of Kings
-
753 BCE
Founding of Rome
Romulus and Remus create Rome. -
750 BCE
Phoenician Alphabet is Founded
The Phoenician alphabet is founded, bringing the knowledge of writing back to the Greeks. -
Period: 750 BCE to 600 BCE
Greece Begins Colonizing
Self-governing, Greek colonies spring up from the Mediterranean to Ursa Minor, to North Africa to the Black Sea. -
722 BCE
The Assyrians Destroy Israel
The Kingdom of Israel is destroyed by the Assyrans. Sargon II takes Samaria. The people are led away to Babylon and Ninive. The Book of Tobias narrates an episode of the captivity. -
701 BCE
The Assyrians beseige Jerusalem
Sennacherib, king of the Assyrians, besieges Jerusalem in the reign of Ezechias -
Period: 693 BCE to 639 BCE
Manasses becomes King of Judah
Manasses becomes King of Judah as a vassal of Senacherib of Assyria. -
Period: 689 BCE to 668 BCE
Assyria at its Pinnacle of Power
-
Period: 688 BCE to 663 BCE
Revival of Egyptian Power
-
Period: 663 BCE to 609 BCE
Psammeticus I, Pharaoh of Egypt
-
645 BCE
Psammeticus overthrows Assyria Rulers
-
641 BCE
Amon, king of Juda
-
639 BCE
Josiah becomes King of Judah
-
630 BCE
Lycurgus Gives Laws to Sparta
-
626 BCE
Scythian hordes overrun western Asia
-
626 BCE
Jeremiah and Sophonias begin their Ministry
-
621 BCE
Discovery of the Book of Law in the Temple of Jerusalem
-
621 BCE
Josias begins his Reform
-
621 BCE
The Fall of Nineveh
With the fall of Nineveh, the Median kingdom succeeded to all the old Assyrian providences in Iran. This includes the providences in which the Israelite captives from the northern kingdom had settled. -
612 BCE
Nineveh Falls to the Medes and Babylonians
In the resulting spoils, Assyria falls to the Medes; Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine to the Babylonians -
612 BCE
Ninive Destroyed by the Medes and Chaldeans
-
609 BCE
Josias is Slain
Josias is slain after intercepting Nechao as he advanced through Palestine. -
Period: 609 BCE to 594 BCE
Nechao, king of Egypt
-
608 BCE
Joachaz and Joachim ascend the Throne
Joachaz is crowned king of Juda by the people and reigns for three months. Nechao deposes Joachaz and instead raises Joachim as a vassal of Egypt. -
Period: 608 BCE to 598 BCE
Joachim, king of Juda
-
Period: 606 BCE to 562 BCE
Reign of Nabuchodonosor II, king of Babylon
-
605 BCE
Nechao advances against Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar defeats him at Characamis on the Euphrates. Syria falls into the hands of the Babylonians. -
605 BCE
First Babylonian Deportation
Nebuchadnezzar besiges Jerusalem and carries off many captives, among them is Daniel, to Babylon. Joachim transfers his allegiance from Egypt to Babylon. -
605 BCE
Babylon besieges Jerusalem
King Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, besieges Jerusalem during the third year of the reign of Judean King Jehoiakim. Babylon wins, and Jehoiakim submitted to Babylon's rule. Evidence suggests that Babylon then marched on Jerusalem. -
604 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar's Dream
Nebuchadnezzar dream about a statue symbolizing the four kingdoms which will follow Babylon. Then how God's kingdom will triumph over all of them. No one other than Daniel is able to interpret it. -
600 BCE
Joachim Revolts against Babylon
-
598 BCE
Joachin becomes King of Judah
-
598 BCE
Second Babylonian Deportation
Nebuchadnezzar besiges Jerusalem, and the king along with about ten thousand citizens are deported to Babylon -
Period: 597 BCE to 538 BCE
Esechiel and Daniel prophesy during the captivity of the Jews in Babylon
-
Period: 593 BCE to 571 BCE
Ezekiel's Prophetical Office
-
589 BCE
Sedecias revolts from Babylon
-
588 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar Sieges Jerusalem
-
588 BCE
King Vishaspa of Bactria is Converted
Zarathustra, the prophet of the Persians, the first great religious founder-leader know to history outside of Israel, converts King Vishtaspa of Bactria to his new faith, Zoroastrianism. -
587 BCE
Jerusalem Falls
-
587 BCE
Third Babylonian Deportation from Jerusalem
Jerusalem is burnt and the Temple destroyed. Large numbers of people are carried off to Babylon. -
587 BCE
End of the Kingdom of Juda
Jerusalem is captured by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. All but the poorest people are deported to Babylon. -
586 BCE
Sacking of Jerusalem
-
Period: 561 BCE to 538 BCE
Third and Fourth Books of Kings Written
-
552 BCE
Daniel's Dreams
Daniel has four visions about, going off the same theme as Nebuchadnezzar's dream. -
550 BCE
Cyrus Revolts against Astyages
Cyrus of Persia revolts against the Median king Astyagesn, and assumes power over all of his kingdom. -
550 BCE
Vision of a Ram and a Goat
Daniel has a vision about a ram and a goat. The ram symbolizes the Medo-Persian union, and the goat symbolizes Alexander the Great. This vision predicts the Greek conquest of Medo-Persia, and the events which happened after Alexander the Great's lifetime. -
547 BCE
The Lydian Invasion
Lydia attacks the Achaemenid Empire's city of Pteria in Cappadocia. Persia levels an army against them, and overthrows the Lyduan capital, Sardis. -
539 BCE
Fall of Babylon
Cyrus of Persia (or Darius the Mede, Gubaru -- governor of Babylon -- or Ugbary, the orchestrator of Persian Conquest) invades the city of Babylon after strategically diverting the river. King Belshazzar gives a feast, drinking from vessels stolen from Jerusalem, and a mysterious hand writes on the wall. Daniel interprets the writing, which says that Belshazzar's kingdom (Babylon) to Medes. That night Belshazzar is killed and the kingdom taken. -
537 BCE
The Jews Return to Jerusalem
Cyprus of Persia allows the Jews to return back to their homeland. More than 42,360 Jews returned to the Promised Land, carrying with them the spoils of war taken from the temple at the fall. -
537 BCE
Daniel's Final Vision
Daniel meets the angel Gabriel, who tells him about the next four kings of Persia, and how the last will make war on Greece. The angel talks about wars and marriages and treaties -- up to the rule of Antiochus. Gabriel then tells Daniel to write this down and hide it away. -
536 BCE
Work on the Second Temple Comes to a Halt
-
530 BCE
Cyprus of Persia Dies
-
521 BCE
Darius Reunites Persia
-
520 BCE
Haggai's Sermon
The prophet Haggai delivers a sermon at the ruins of Solon's Temple, spurring the people back into construction. -
515 BCE
Temple is Rededicated
-
513 BCE
Persian Expedition against the Greeks
King Darius leads a major expedition to secure the Straits -- the Hellespont and the Bosporus -- which established Persian rule in eastern Thrace and along to the Black Sea coast. -
509 BCE
Expulsion of Tarquin Kings
-
508 BCE
Reform of Cleisthenes
-
500 BCE
Abdias Fortells the overthrow of Edom
-
500 BCE
Ionians Revolt against King Darius
With support from Athens and Sparta, the Ionians in the coast of Asia Minor revolt against King Darius -
494 BCE
End of Ionian Revolt
-
Period: 492 BCE to 449 BCE
Greco-Persian Wars
A series of wars between Greece and Persia, fought over the course of almost half a century. Fighting was the most intense during the two Persian invasions -
490 BCE
Darius is Defeated at the Battle of Marathon
-
490 BCE
Persian Attempt to Defeat Athens
Battle of Marathon
Persia, wanting to punish Athens for aiding the Ionians, attacks Athens. Their leader, Mardinios, tried to storm the city, but the Athens with a charge, managed to defeat him. This made Mardinios want to defeat Athens with a larger expedition. -
486 BCE
Death of Darius
Darius is succeeded by his son Xerxes. -
480 BCE
Battle of Salamis
The Greeks, under the leadership of Themistocles, snatched victory from the Persians in a naval battle. -
479 BCE
Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes is defeated at Salamis and Plataea -
Period: 470 BCE to 460 BCE
Malachias Prophesies in Jerusalem
-
465 BCE
King Artaxerxes is Assassinated
-
445 BCE
Arrival of Nehemiah
-
438 BCE
Completion of the Parthenon
The Parthenon is completed under Pericles's leadership -
433 BCE
Nehemiah Returns to Persia
-
Period: 431 BCE to 404 BCE
The Poleponnesian War
A war fought between Sparta and Athens that shifted power from Athens to Sparta -
Period: 430 BCE to 300 BCE
Joel Prophesies
-
Period: 430 BCE to 300 BCE
Composition of the books of Esdras and Nehemias, of Paralipomenon, Judith, and Esther
-
428 BCE
The City of Mytilene Escapes Death
After commanding the city on Lesbos to death, the Athenian government revoked their order, and a messenger ship caught them just as the army pulled into the harbor. -
406 BCE
Last Athenian Naval Victory
The Athenian navy wins a victory at the Battle of the Arginusae Islands, which would be their last. -
404 BCE
Peloponnesian War is Finished
Sparta defeats Athens -
404 BCE
The End of the Peloponnesian War
Sparta wins an unconditional surrender from Athens. -
401 BCE
Xenophon's Anabasis -- "March of the Ten Thousand"
Cyrus the Younger organizes a revolt against his older brother Artaxerxes II. They won the battle of Cunaxa in Babylonia, but Cyrus died, leaving the Greeks stranded. Xenophon was put in charge. They marched 2,500 miles, and returned home virtually unscathed. -
399 BCE
Execution of Socrates
-
399 BCE
Execution of Socrates
-
390 BCE
Gauls sack Rome
-
359 BCE
King Phillip of Macedon comes into Power
-
358 BCE
Artaxerxes III comes into power
-
356 BCE
Alexander the Great is Born
-
342 BCE
Alexander conquers Persia
-
336 BCE
Alexander becomes King of Macedonia
-
334 BCE
Alexander's First Battle with the Persians
Alexander marches across to Asia, visits Troy, and met the Persians head on at the river Granicus. -
Period: 332 BCE to 198 BCE
The Septuagint is Translated
-
331 BCE
Alexander takes Babylon at the Battle of Gaugamela
-
327 BCE
Alexander the Great attempts to Invade India
Alexander attempts to invade India, but is stopped by the unexpected use of elephants as war steeds. -
324 BCE
Susa Weddings
Alexander the Great and other Macedonian officers take on Persian wives as a way of integrating culture throughout the empire. -
323 BCE
Alexander the Great Dies
-
300 BCE
Euclid's Elements is Written
-
280 BCE
King Phyrrus of Epirus fights against early Rome
King Phyrrus of Epirus and his army of 2,500 men and 20 elephants attempts to invade a legion of barbarians bearing the Roman eagles. After the battle comes to a draw, Phyrus marches on Rome -
280 BCE
Achaean League is Established
-
279 BCE
Gauls Invade Greece
Prompted by Alexander the Great's death, the Celts took the initiative to invade Greece -
Period: 264 BCE to 241 BCE
The First Punic War
The first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, culminating in Rome's victory. -
Period: 229 BCE to 228 BCE
First Illyrian War
-
Period: 219 BCE to 217 BCE
Fourth Syrian War
-
Period: 218 BCE to 201 BCE
The Second Punic War
-
214 BCE
The Romans Attempt to Seize Syracuse
The Romans, hoping to regain their territory lost in the first Punic War and disperse anti-Roman tensions, attempt to storm Syracuse by water and land. They failed both times, due to the genius inventions of Archimedes, and instead, decided to lay a siege lasting until 212 BCE. -
Period: 214 BCE to 205 BCE
The First Macedonian War
The first of four conflicts between the Roman Republic and Macedonia. These conflicts helped with Roman domination of the eastern Mediterranean area. -
Period: 213 BCE to 212 BCE
Siege of Syracuse
After a defeat by the citizens of Syracuse, the Romans decide to lay siege to the city. This goes on for a year, before the Romans storm the gate during a festival to Artemis -- slaying Archimedes in the process. -
212 BCE
The Battle of Terentum
After an outrageous execution of their citizens, a small group of Tarentines form an anti-Roman conspiracy. With Hannibal's help, they infiltrate the city while everybody was stone-cold drunk, ridding it of Romans. -
211 BCE
The Siege of Capua
The city of Capua defects to the Carthaginians, so Rome lays siege to get it back. Hannibal, eager to reclaim his winter camp, heads to Rome as a tactical feint; his plans are foiled, as the Romans see through this feint and continue the siege on Capua. Eventually, the city falls and the Romans once again are their rulers. -
209 BCE
Scipio takes New Carthage
Put in charge of the Roman army in Spain, young Scipio crosses the Erbro to arrive at New Carthage, which he promptly takes. -
206 BCE
Romans arrive in Spain
The Romans conquer the Iberian Peninsula from the south. They fought the Iberians and defeated them at Alcalá del Rio. -
202 BCE
Scipio defeats Hannibal
-
Period: 200 BCE to 196 BCE
The Second Macedonian War
Incited by the Roman Senate against Philip after he refused to guarantee no hostile moves against the state. Phillip's forces were beaten by the Romans and their Greek allies in Cynoscephalae. The peace terms included most of their navy, tribute, and loss of territory. -
198 BCE
Antiochus the Great, king of Syria, defeats Ptolemy Epiphanes of Egypt and Obtains Palestine
-
197 BCE
Spain Divides into Two Provinces
After conquering Spain, the Romans divide their territory into two parts: Hispania Citerior (Nearer Hispania) and Hispania Ulterior (Further Hispania). -
180 BCE
Ecclesiasticus written by Sirach
-
Period: 175 BCE to 164 BCE
Reign of Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria
-
Period: 171 BCE to 168 BCE
The Third Macedonian War
Philip's son, Perseus, began making alliances with various Greek city-states. Rome declared war, which ended when the Roman army defeated the Macedonians at the Battle of Pydna. Macedonian was broken up into four republics required to pay annual tribute to Rome. -
168 BCE
Antiochus Epiphanes attempts to suppress the religion of the Jews
-
167 BCE
Rise of the Machabees
-
Period: 166 BCE to 135 BCE
The Machabees Mathathiasm Judas, Jonathan, and Simon rule over the Jews
-
160 BCE
Antiochus defeats Egypt
-
Period: 149 BCE to 148 BCE
The Fourth Macedonian War
A pretended son of Perseus, Andriscus, tries to reestablish the Macedonian monarchy. The rebellion was qyashed, and Macedonia was made into the first province of the Roman Empire -
Period: 135 BCE to 105 BCE
John Hyrcanus, son of Simon, elected High Priest
-
Period: 134 BCE to 133 BCE
Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus
-
133 BCE
Tiberius Gracchus is killed in Senate
-
130 BCE
Ecclesiasticus translated into Greek
-
Period: 124 BCE to 121 BCE
Tribunate of Gaius Gracchus
-
120 BCE
Composition of the Second Book of Machabees
-
120 BCE
Composition of the Book of Wisdom (Greek)
-
100 BCE
Composition of the First Book of Macabees
-
Period: 96 BCE to 87 BCE
Jewish Civil War
-
Period: 91 BCE to 88 BCE
Social War
Rome vs Italy -
Period: 85 BCE to 82 BCE
Sullan Civil War
-
Period: 81 BCE to 79 BCE
Dictatorship of Sulla
-
Period: 74 BCE to 70 BCE
First Mithridatic War
-
Period: 74 BCE to 70 BCE
Third Mathridatic War
-
Period: 69 BCE to 66 BCE
Fourth Mithridatic War
-
Period: 66 BCE to 63 BCE
Pompey's Conquest of the East
-
63 BCE
Jerusalem is captured by Pompey
Palestine becomes a part of the Roman province of Syria. -
63 BCE
Consulship of Cero
-
60 BCE
Pompey captures Jerusalem
-
60 BCE
First Trimuvate
-
Period: 59 BCE to 51 BCE
Caesar's Gallic Wars
-
55 BCE
Caesar Lands in Britain
-
Period: 50 BCE to 48 BCE
Roman Civil War
-
Period: 47 BCE to 44 BCE
Dictatorship of Caesar
-
44 BCE
Julius Caesar Becomes Dictator of Rome
-
44 BCE
Julius Caesar Is Assassinated
Fearing his rise of power, some senators hatch a plot to murder Caesar inside the Senate. -
Period: 44 BCE to 31 BCE
Antony and Octavian
-
43 BCE
Octavian becomes Consul
After the original consuls passed away, Octavian and his uncle Pedius marched to Rome to demand the consulship. The senate conceded and he became consul. -
43 BCE
The Second Triumvirate
Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus meet at Bononia and form the second triumvirate. There, they conspired to put to death three hundred senators and two hundred of the commercial class. Their wealth would transfer to the triumvirate. -
42 BCE
The Battle of Philippi
Octavian and Antony triumph over Cassius and Brutus, who committed suicide by the end of the battle. -
40 BCE
The Pact of Brundisium
After a series of events, which ended up pitting the two members of the Triumvirate against each other, Mark Antony and Octavian make peace. The alliance was sealed by Octavian's sister -- Octavia -- to Mark Antony -
40 BCE
Herod becomes King of Judea
The Parthians invade Palastine, and Herod fled to Rome. There, the Senate nominated him client king of Judea and outfitted him with an army. -
39 BCE
First campaign against the Parthians
-
38 BCE
Second Campaign against the Parthians
-
34 BCE
Antony and Cleopatra Declare War on Octavian
-
31 BCE
Octavius Defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Actium
-
27 BCE
Augustus Caesar Becomes First Citizen
Augustus Caesar (formerly Octavius) becomes first citizen. -
Period: 19 BCE to 10
The Construction of the Temple in Jerusalem
-
7 BCE
Zarchary's Vision in the Temple
-
14
Caesar Augustus Dies
His stepson, Tiberius, is appointed his sucessor -
15
St. Joseph Dies
By tradition, this is the year which St. Joseph dies. Jesus would've been twenty. Jesus now took charge of Joseph's carpentry shop for about a decade. -
27
Jesus Begins his Ministry
-
29
Crucifixion of our Lord
-
43
Roman Occupation of Britain Under Emperor Claudius
This was the beginning of the Roman rule of Britain. -
Period: 63 to 67
St. Paul Possibly Visits Spain
It's thought St. Paul visited Spain around this time, as his letter to the Romans says -
64
Nero Persecutes the Christains
To place the blame of the Great Fire of Rome away from him, Nero accuses the Christains of setting the fire. He ordered the arrest of certain Christains and tortured them, while implicating many others. -
70
The Burning of Jerusalem
During the first Roman-Jewish war, Nero lays seige to the city of Jerusalem. Upon breaching, he set fire to both the temple and the city -
122
Hadrian's Wall is Built
The Roman army builds Hadrian's wall during Emperor Hadrian's visit to Britain. -
123
Hadrian's Wall is Completed in Britain
-
144
Establishment of the Gnostic Church
Marcion of Sinope decides to found his own church, the first to break off in history. He founds Gnosticism -
177
The Marytrs of Lyons
At the peak of the Christain Persecution, many in Leon were tortured to death. -
192
Emperor Commodus Dies
The megolomaniac emperor is strangled to death in his bath, Three months later, his sucessor Pertinax was assasinated by his Prateorian Guard. -
Period: 250 to 250
Decius's Persecution of the Christains
For the first time since Nero's and Domintian's persecutions of the Christians, an official edict was ordered to rid the Roman Empire of Christians. By March, the pope and many other bishops had been martyred. In the fall, however, Decius went to the Balkans, and the persecution ended. He died soon after -
258
St. Lawrence's Martyrdom
The Pope and his deacons, including Deacon Lawrence, were found in the catacombs. This was punishable by death. Lawrence was kept alive, in order to access the supposed Christian wealth, but when he revealed the treasure to be the poor and needy, he was condemned to death. -
Period: 284 to 305
Diocletian Divides Spain into Five Provinces
-
313
Constantine Issues Edict of Milan
-
376
The Visigoths settle in the Roman Empire
The Visigoths settle in the Roman Empire as federati or allies. However, the officials of Roman Emperor Valens took advantage of them. The Visigoths rose up, routed the Imperial Army, and killed Valens. Emperor Theodosius then routed them, and the Visigoths returned to Thrace. -
378
First Conflict between the Ostrogoths and Romans
After being pushed westward by the Huns, the Ostrogoths and Visigoths entered the Roman Empire. The Ostrogoths had their first fight with the Romans, defeating them -
395
Roman Empire is Divided
-
396
Visigoths Attack
After Emperor Theodosius died, the Visgoths led by Alaric sacked Athens and then Rome. They then settled in Toulouse, France -
409
The Suevi, Alans, and Vandals enter Spain
-
Period: 410 to 436
Roman withdrawal from Britain
-
Period: 415 to 711
The Visgoths rule Spain
-
416
Visigoths become allies with Rome; Beginning of Campaigns against Other Barbarian Tribes
-
418
Visigoths Settle in Gaul
After the Visigoths fight the other barbarian tribes, earning the favor of Rome, they are allowed to settle in Gaul. -
429
Vandals Conquer the Straights of Gibraltar
-
430
Augustine, bishop of Hippo, dies
-
432
St. Patrick Returns to Ireland
-
456
Visigoths return to Spain
The Visigoths return to Spain under Roman authority to destroy the Suevi -
476
End of Roman Empire in the West
-
500
The Kingdom of Toulouse reaches Full Power
-
507
Kingdom of Toulouse Falls
-
534
Byzantine Reconquest of the Straights of Gibraltar
-
Period: 568 to 586
The Reign of King Leoviglid
-
Period: 570 to 572
Conquest of Málaga, Medina, Sidonia, and Córdoba
King Leovigild conquers Málaga, Medina, Sidonia, and Córdoba in order to unite Spain under his rule. -
Period: 574 to 585
Conquest of the Suevi
-
581
Visigoth Conquest of Basques
-
594
St. Augustine Sails to Britain
St. Augustine begins his mission to unite the British Christianity and the body of the Church. He ultimately fails after a failure to compromise. -
624
Swintila Becomes King of all of Spain
-
625
St. Paulinus comes to North Eastern England
After King Edwin marries into the Kent royal family and agrees to be baptized, St. Paulinus begins missionary work in North Eastern England. -
632
Muhammad Proclaims the Gospel
-
Oct 18, 632
The Battle of Hatfield Chase
The Mercians kill King Edwin, leading to the temporary collapse of Northumbria. -
664
Synod of Whitby
King Oswiu of Northumbria rules that his kingdom observe the customs of Rome rather than the customs practised by Irish monks at Iona. -
668
Theodore of Tarsus and Hadian of Carthage arrive at Canterbury
In a second attempt to conform British Christianity, the Church sends Theodore of Tarsus and Hadian of Carthage to Canterbury. They manage to expand the Church in England. -
Period: 672 to 680
Reign of Wamba
-
Period: 711 to 1031
Muslim Power in Spain
-
Period: 711 to 718
The Umayyad Conquest of Hispania
The initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania. The conquest resulted in the destruction of the Visigothic Kingdom and the establishment of the Umayyad Wilayah of Al-Andalus. -
Apr 27, 711
Tariq ibn Ziyad begins his expedition in Spain
-
Jul 19, 711
The Battle of Guadalette
The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. Many members of the Visigothic nobility, opening the way for the capture of the Visigothic capital of Toledo. -
713
The Muslims gain More Power
Adb al-Aziz concludes an agreement with the Visigothic lord, Theodormir or Murcia, that allows him to have a bit of power within the district of Tudmir. -
Jun 30, 713
Surrender of the Visigoth Nobility
Musa, governor of North Africa, seizes Mérida, where the Visigoth nobility had held out throughout the winter of 712 -
722
Founding of the Kingdom of Asturias
The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian political entity after the Umyyad Conquest of Hispannia -
Oct 10, 732
The Battle of Tours
Charles Martel and the Franks face off against the Umayyad Caliphate. This battle stops the Umayyad Caliphate from advancing any farther into the Pyrenees. This is the turning point for Christianity, as the Muslim faith would have continued into the rest of Europe. -
751
Muslim Rule comes to an End in Northeastern Spain
-
784
Offa's Dyke is Completed
Believed to be built by King Offa of the Mercians, the dyke was a probable display of power. It offers a view from Mercia into Wales. -
787
Battle of Roncevaux
Charlemagne decides to secure his hold on the Basque territory. He conquers the city of Pamplona and tore down its walls -- some sources suggesting that he razed it to the ground, along with other towns around it. There were accounts of the Franks' harsh treatment of the Basques during their occupation. As the Franks retreated across the Pyrenees back to Francia, the rearguard of Frankish lords was cut off and was wiped out. -
793
Vikings attack Lindisfarne
Denmark Vikings attack Lindisfarne, marking the beginning of the Viking Age in Britain. -
Period: 793 to 1066
The Viking Age in Brittain
-
800
King Charlemagne Crowned Roman Emperor
-
825
Wessex defeats Mercia
-
Period: 835 to 865
South England Beseiged by Raids
-
Period: 850 to 859
The Martyrdom of the Christians of Córdoba
Forty-eight Christians were decapitated for announcing their apostasy publicly and blaspheming against the prophet Muhammad. -
865
Ivan "the Boneless" Invades East Anglia
Ivan the Boneless invades East Anglia and by 866 takes Northumbria. -
868
Ivar the Boneless and the Nottingham Treaty
Ivar negotiates the Treaty of Nottingham, which he soon breaks and kills King Edmund of East Anglia whose martyrdom earned him the title of Sain -
871
Alfred the Great becomes King
-
872
Ivar the Boneless Dies
-
878
Battle of Edington
Alfred defeats the Danes -
899
Alfred the Great Dies
-
917
Edward becomes King of England South of the Humbar
-
Jan 16, 929
Abd Al-Rahman III becomes the first Caliph in Córdoba.
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Oct 15, 961
Abd Al-Rahman III Dies
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976
Caliphate succession in Córdoba Ends
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1013
Sewyn, King of Denmark is Proclaimed King of England
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1027
William the Bastard is Born
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1035
Canute, King of England and Denmark Dies
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1035
Division of the States of Castle
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Apr 3, 1043
Edward the Confessor Crowned King
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Jan 5, 1065
King Edward the Confessor Dies
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1066
Harold Goodwinson is crowned King of England
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1066
The Battle of Hastings
A battle between the Norman-French under the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman Conquest of England -
1066
Battle of Stamford Bridge
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Dec 25, 1066
William the Bastard becomes King
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1076
Aragon and Navarre Union Dissolved
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May 6, 1085
Toledo falls to Leon and Castile
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Sep 9, 1087
William the Bastard Dies
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Period: 1114 to 1115
Ramon Berenguer and the Republic of Pisa attack Majorca and Ibiza
The Count of Barcelona and the Republic of Pisa attack the Muslim islands of Majorca and Ibiza. Many Christian slaves were freed. Though the success was temporary, it stimulated trade. -
Period: 1118 to 1118
Crusade against Muslims in Zaragoza
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1147
Almohads Destroy the Amoravid Emoire
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Period: 1147 to 1150
The Second Crusade
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1162
Thomas Becket becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
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1164
Thomas Becket Exiled
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1170
Thomas Becket returns to England
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Dec 29, 1170
Thomas Becket Killed
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1189
Richard I Ascends the Throne
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Jul 6, 1189
King Henry II Dies
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1203
John captures Arthur, Duke of Brittany
In a botched attempt to capture Queen Eleanor, Arthur is captured by King John and is never heard from again. Most evidence points to John later killing him. -
1204
France takes Normandy
After coming to terms with the provinces he had raided, King Philip of France journeyed down to Normandy. There, he laid battle to the surrounding areas and took Normandy. -
1205
Stephen Langton is Elected Archbishopric
Setting aside the clergy and crown candidates for the position of Primate of England, Pope Innocent III elected Stephen Langton, a respected doctor and cardinal. This caused King John to begin a bloodless war against the Church, persecuting clergy and seizing Church lands. -
1209
King John is Excommunicated
As a result of his conflict with the Church, Pope Innocent III excommunicates John. -
Jul 16, 1212
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa a.k.a the Battle of Al-ʿIqāb
An important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The battle results quickened the Almohad decline both in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Maghreb. -
1213
King John Repairs Relations with the Church
Unable to continue fighting against the Church, King John submits and repents. In turn, the Church forgives him and declares him an ally. -
Jun 15, 1215
The Magna Carta
Dissatisfied with the situation regarding King John and the power he held, the barons confronted King John. This led to the establishment of the Magna Carta. -
Oct 28, 1216
King Henry III Becomes King
After King John perished, King Henry III, a boy of nine years old, became king. William the Marshall became the regent of the king. -
1218
France leaves England
After fighting Hubert de Burgh for a year, King Louis of France was forced to leave the country. -
1229
Conquest of Majorca
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1236
Reconquest of Cordoba
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1238
Conquest of Valencia
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1248
Conquest of Seville
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1259
The Treaty of Paris
A treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England, which ended 100 years of conflicts between the Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties. -
1284
The Statute of Wales
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1330
King Edward III of France becomes King of England
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Period: 1337 to 1453
The Hundred Year War
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Oct 30, 1340
The Battle of Salado
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1343
Houses of Parliament Separated Into Lords and Commons
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Period: 1346 to 1353
The Black Death Sweeps Europe
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1381
The Peasants Revolt
With the worker shortage as a result of the Black Death, the English peasants revolt for better working conditions. -
1388
The Merciless Parliament
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Period: 1412 to May 30, 1431
The Life of Joan of Arc
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Oct 15, 1415
The Battle of Agincourt
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May 21, 1420
The Treaty of Troyes
The treaty established Henry V's rights to the French throne after the king's passing. -
1436
Invention of the Printing Press
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May 22, 1455
The First Battle of Albans
The first battle of the Wars of Roses. A Yorkist victory, with Richard, Duke of York, on the throne -
Period: May 22, 1455 to Jun 16, 1487
The Wars of Roses
The series of civil wars between the House of Lancaster and York over the English throne. The wars resulted in the termination of the Lancaster dynasty, the York dynasty, and the rise of the Tudor dynasty. -
Feb 17, 1461
Second Battle of St. Albans
Battle in the Wars of Roses. Lancaster victory -
May 4, 1471
Battle of Tewkesbury
Battle in the Wars of Roses, Yorkist victory -
Period: 1478 to
Spanish Inquisition
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1485
Rise of the Tudor Dynasty
Houses of Lancaster and York were united, creating a new royal dynasty, the Tudors. -
Period: Aug 3, 1492 to Mar 15, 1493
Christopher Columbus's First Voyage
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Period: 1493 to 1496
Christopher Columbus's Second Voyage
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Period: 1498 to 1500
Christopher Columbus's Third Voyage
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1517
Martin Luther writes the Ninety-five Theses
The start of the Reformation. Biblical studies professor Martin Luther writes a document criticizing the selling of indulgences. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
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Period: 1518 to 1518
The Diet of Augsburg
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Period: 1519 to 1521
Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire
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Jun 28, 1519
Charles V elected Holy Roman Emperor
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Period: Sep 20, 1519 to Sep 6, 1522
Magellan Sails the World
Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe, traveling from Spain, to Argentina, the Magellan Stait, to Guam, to the Philippines, and back to Spain. -
Jun 15, 1520
Exsurge Domine
Pope Leo X issues a papal bull that states Luther has sixty days to recant his claims or be excommunicated. -
Jan 3, 1521
The Pope Excommunicates Luther
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Apr 17, 1521
Luther and the Diet of Worms
Luther appears before Diet of worms, refusing to rescind his claims. -
May 25, 1521
Edict of Worms
Charles V issues the Edict of Worms, which declares Luther a public outlaw and criminal. This makes it illegal to own Luther's books. -
1522
Beginning of Reformation in Zurich
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Period: 1524 to 1525
The Peasants' War
The biggest uprising in Western Europe before the French Revolution. It was caused by changes brought by the Reformation. As a result of the revolt, the peasants in western and southern Germany gained agrarian rights, and freedom from oppressive nobles and landlords. -
Period: 1524 to 1525
The German Peasants' War
The biggest uprising in Western Europe before the French Revolution. It was caused by changes brought by the Reformation. As a result of the revolt, the peasants in western and southern Germany gained agrarian rights, and freedom from oppressive nobles and landlords. -
Period: 1526 to 1530
The War of the League of Cognac
A war between the Hapsburg dominions of Charles V and the League of Cognac, an alliance between France, Pope Clement VII, Venice, England, Milan, and Florence. -
May 6, 1527
The Sack of Rome
Mutinous Spanish soldiers sack Rome, as a result of being underpaid. The sack increased the animosity between the Catholics and Lutherans -
Jun 29, 1529
The Treaty of Barcelona
A pact of alliance between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Pope Clement VII, declaring their intent repel the Turkish advances. -
Jan 25, 1533
Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn Marry
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Jul 11, 1533
King Henry VIII Excommunicated
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1534
Henry VIII declares himself head of the Church of England
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Nov 3, 1534
First Act of Supremacy
First of the Acts which declared King Henry VIII the Supreme Head of the Church of England. -
1536
The Pilgrimage of Grace
A popular (peasant) revolt, which originated in Yorkshire then spread to various parts of Northern England, due to a protest against Henry VIII's split with the Catholic Church, the disbandment of various monasteries, and against Thomas Cromwell's policies. -
May 29, 1536
Death of Cardinal Beaton, the Last Scottish Cardinal Prior to the Reformation
Cardinal Beaton was the main obstacle in King Henry VIII's Reformation of Scotland. His murder was a significant point in Protestantism north of the Border. -
Period: Jul 23, 1537 to Oct 2, 1540
The Third Ottoman-Venetian War
A war between France and the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Empire and the Holy League. Resulted in an Ottoman victory. -
1541
Calvin initiates the Reformation in Geneva
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Nov 24, 1542
Battle of Solway Moss
Battle between Scotland and England, which resulted in an English victory. The news of the Scottish loss is rumored to have caused the Scottish king's death. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
The Council of Trent
The 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. It was prompted by the Protestant Reformation. The council issued condemnations of what it defined as heresies and clarifications on various parts of its doctrine. -
Apr 14, 1547
Battle of Mühlberg
Battle between the Holy Roman Empire and the Schmalkaldic league, which ended the Schmalkaldic War. (Victors: Holy Roman Empire) -
May 15, 1548
Augsburg Interim Published
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1549
Francis Xavier introduces Christianity in Japan
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Oct 1, 1553
Queen Mary I's Coronation
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Oct 1, 1553
Queen Mary I Crowned
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1555
Peace of Augsburg
A treaty between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League. It was the first permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism. -
1556
Charles V Abdicates Throne
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1558
Second Act of Supremacy
The second issuing of the Act of Supremacy, established by the first Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I. Declared her the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. -
1558
Act of Uniformity
An Act of the Parliament of England established as a part of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement in England. -
1559
John Knox brings Calvinism to Scotland
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1559
The French Confession of Faith
Began as a statement of faith from the Reformed churches of France to John Calvin during a period of persecution. When persecution subsided, twenty delegates met secretly in Paris, where they produced a Constitution of Ecclesiastical Discipline and a Confession of Faith. -
Jan 15, 1559
Queen Elizabeth I Crowned
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Period: Apr 2, 1562 to
French Wars of Religion
A period of civil war between French Catholics and Protestants. Between two million and four million people died from violence, famine, or diseases directly caused by the conflict. France remained a Catholic state. -
Period: May 18, 1565 to Sep 11, 1565
The Great Seige of Malta
A seige that occurred when the Ottoman Emprie attempted to conquer the island of Malta, which was then held by the Knights Hospitaller. Christian victory. -
Period: Aug 1, 1566 to
Eighty Years War (Dutch Revolt)
A conflict between rebels in the Hapsburg Netherlands and the Spanish government. Resulted in the creation of the Dutch colonial empire. -
Jul 24, 1567
Mary of Scots’ Forced Abdication
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Period: May 18, 1568 to
Mary of Scots Imprisioned in England
After fleeing to England, Mary of Scots was escorted to Carlisle Castle, beginning her 19 year imprisonment in England, until she was executed in 1587 -
Oct 7, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
A naval battle between the Holy League (Catholic states) and the Ottoman Empire, fought in the Gulf of Partas. Last navel engagement in the Western World to be fought almost entirely with rowing vessels. This battle also marked the turning-point for Ottoman expansion into the Mediterranean, further defending Europe from imperial expansion. Christian victory. -
Aug 23, 1572
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
A targeted group of assasinations and mob violence directed against the Protestants (the Huguenots) during the French Wars of religion. Said to be instigated by Queen Catherine de Medici, the massacre began a few days after the marriage of the king’s sister Margaret to future Henry VI of France. After the killing of a group of Huguenot leaders, the slaughter spread thoroughly the country. Number of death is estimated from 5000-30000. -
1582
Gregorian Calendar Goes into Effect
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Period: to
The War of Three Henrys (The Eighth War of Religion)
The eighth civil war of religion in France. Fought between Henry of Navarre, Henry III of France, and Henry of Guise, because of a succession crisis. Ended with Henry of Navarre outliving the others. -
Mary, Queen of Scots, Executed
Mary Queen of Scots is found guilty in conspiring in a plot for Queen Elizabeth's assassination. -
The Enterprise of England
A naval engagement between the Spanish Armada and the Anglo-Dutch, where Spain attempted to invade England to reinstate the Catholic religion, stop support for the Dutch Republic, and to stop Dutch&English privateers. Anglo-Dutch were the victors. -
Period: to
The Nine Years War (Tyrone's Rebellion)
Fought between an Irish alliance against England, due to an ongoing Tudor colonization of Ireland. Resulted in an English victory. -
King Phillip II of Spain Dies
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Queen Elizabeth I Dies
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The Gunpowder Plot
An assassination attempt on James I by a group of English Catholics (led by Robert Catesby, aka Guy Fawkes). -
America Officially Separates from England
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The Constitutional Convention
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The London Beer Flood
An incident at Meux and Co. Horse Shoe Brewery, where a 22 ft tall wooden vat of porter burst. The resulting flood caused 8 deaths. -
13th Amendment (Abolition of Slavery)
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The Great Molasses Flood
A disaster in which a storage tank collapsed, sending 2.3 million gallons of molasses into the North End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It resulted in 21 deaths. -
19th Amendment (Woman's Suffrage)
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Period: to
Prohibition Era