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1400
First Occupants
At the beginning of the 15th century, the Natives migrated to North America from Asia using the Bering Strait Land Bridge. There were 3 different groups. The Iroquois were nomads they lived in tipis and wigwams in the Appalachian Mountains. There were the Algonquians who were sedentary. They lived in longhouses on fertile soil. They practiced agriculture. There were also the Inuits, who were nomads that lived in the far north. -
1500
Relationships between the Native people
In the 16th century, practically all of the native groups were at war. This was because they all lived so close to each other, therefore problems happened. The Iroquois were enemies with the Hurons, the Innus, the Algonquians and the Maliseets. -
1534
Exploration of the St-Lawrence River
In 1534, Jacques Cartier came in the direction of North America looking for 3 things: 1) A passage way to Asia 2) Precious metals and spices 3) Evangelisation of the Natives -
Foundation of Quebec
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. he founded so because it helped for controlling of river traffic and to facilitate fur trading with the Natives. -
Company of 100 Associates
In 1627, the king mandated the Company of 100 associates to populate the colony, in exchange for a trading monopoly. They brought in several hundred people, though, they were projected to bring in 4000. Realizing they had to protect the people brought in and they weren't making as much money as they needed to, they were not willing to proceed. The King kicked them out of the colony. -
Foundation of Trois-Rivières
In 1634, Trois-Rivières was founded by Sieur de Laviolette. This settlement allowed furriers to communicate without the interception by the Iroquois -
Foundation of Ville-Marie
In 1642, Paul Chomedey founded Ville Marie (Montreal). The main purpose of this settlement was evangelising the Natives but it ended up becoming a huge trading post in Canada. -
First Intendant, Jean Talon
In 1663, the King brought in Jean Talon to take care of populating the colony. Jean Talon quickly placed down multiple measures. Firstly, he brought in the engagés who were paid to work for 3 years and after, they were offered land to stay and practice agriculture. He brought in soldiers to deal with the Iroquois and when they were finished their service, They were offered land. He brought in Filles de Roy to marry and start a new life and he offered birth incentives to those who had children. -
First Census
In 1666, the first census was taken. In this census it demonstrated that 1 out of 16 people were women. Also the population was very small. This gave us an idea of how we had to increase the population -
Great Peace of Montreal
The Iroquois were fighting the Algonquins for over a century. As the French joined to fight against the Iroquois, In 1701, the war ended. -
Seven Years' War
In 1756, there was a big war between France and England over who was the most powerful nation. Since they were at war, their colonies in North America were at war. The war ended in 1763 -
British Takeover
The British came in New France in 1760. They quickly took over Montreal and Quebec. The British decide to go under military rule until 1763 -
Treaty of Paris
In 1763, New France was ceded to the British, who then quickly changed the name to the Province of Québec -
Quebec Act
In 1774, The English were intimidated and scared that the US and the French would join and revolt so they made exceptions for the French. They allowed French law and Catholicism. They also expanded the territory to the great lakes. -
Revolutionary War
In 1783, the Revolutionary War took place and the United States of America gained their independence. The people who lived in the U.S that were still loyal to the King of England (Loyalists), left the U.S and moved to Eastern Townships. -
Constitutional Act
British North America split up into Upper Canada, which was English and Lower Canada, which was French. -
Rural Exodus
In 1815, due to overpopulation in the rural areas, a rural exodus took place. The majority of the population moved to the U.S, Saguenay and Lac St-Jean -
Irish Potato Famine
In 1840, Due to diseased potatoes in Irish harvest, a lot of Irish immigrated to BNA and were willing to work for less than French wages. -
Union Act
In 1840, Lower Canada and Upper Canada unite creating Canada. -
British North American Act
In 1867, The dominian of Canada was created. Consisted of 4 provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario. This was CONFEDERATION -
Emigration to the U.S
From 1870 to 1930, the emigration of the French Canadians continued. While some settled in Ontario and other provinces, many people emigrated to the U.S. This exodus was happening due to shortage of farmland, wages higher in the U.S, railways are more developped in the US and Proximity. -
Immigration after 1950
In 1952, The Immigration act took place. This was when they were immigrating while being racially discriminatory. Thankfully, In 1962, they eliminated the racial aspect of immigration. This lead to 1966-67, "The White Paper". This was now immigration based on skill. In 1968, Quebec created the immigration ministry. Finally in 1969 they helped multiple refugees in settlement -
Bill 101
In 1976, Bill 101 was created because French citizens were frustrated that the immigrants did not speak French. Bill 101 was a policy against immigrants. When immigrant families send their children to school, if public, they have to be sent to French school. -
Quebec Government policies after 1980
In 1980, to assist those having children, 4 mesures were put into place: Office de garde à l'enfance, Tax breaks for having children, CPE's and QPIP
