history

By vicuhdz_09
  • 476

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire.

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
  • 493

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.
  • 527

    Justinian I ascends as Byzantine Emperor, later initiating major legal and architectural reforms.

    Justinian I ascends as Byzantine Emperor, later initiating major legal and architectural reforms.
  • 711

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.
  • 732

    Battle of Tours – Charles Martel halts the northward advance of Islamic forces

    Battle of Tours – Charles Martel halts the northward advance of Islamic forces
  • 800

    Coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor by Pope Leo III, uniting much of Western Europe.

    Coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor by Pope Leo III, uniting much of Western Europe.
  • 843

    Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons.

    Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons.
  • 962

    Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor, reinforcing the idea of a revived Western Empire.

    Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor, reinforcing the idea of a revived Western Empire.
  • 1054

    The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.

    The Great Schism formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.
  • 1066

    Norman Conquest of England – William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Hastings.

    Norman Conquest of England – William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Hastings.
  • 1095

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.
  • 1099

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade.

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade.
  • 1122

    Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.

    Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 1122

    Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.

    Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 1147

    Launch of the Second Crusade.

    Launch of the Second Crusade.
  • 1187

    Battle of Hattin – Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem.

    Battle of Hattin – Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem.
  • 1190

    Beginning of the Third Crusade, led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart.

    Beginning of the Third Crusade, led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart.
  • 1215

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England, laying foundations for constitutional governance.

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England, laying foundations for constitutional governance.
  • 1229

    End of the Albigensian Crusade with the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in southern France.

    End of the Albigensian Crusade with the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in southern France.
  • 1241

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European political dynamics.

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European political dynamics.
  • 1265

    Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England becomes an early model of representative government.

    Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England becomes an early model of representative government.
  • 1274

    Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity.

    Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity.
  • 1302

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam, asserting papal supremacy.

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam, asserting papal supremacy.
  • 1315

    The Great Famine begins in Europe, severely impacting population and society.

    The Great Famine begins in Europe, severely impacting population and society.
  • 1347

    Outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, drastically reducing the population.

    Outbreak of the Black Death in Europe, drastically reducing the population.
  • 1378

    Beginning of the Western Schism, splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes.

    Beginning of the Western Schism, splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes.
  • 1415

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance, sparking early reformist movements.

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance, sparking early reformist movements.
  • 1417

    The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope.

    The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope.
  • 1453

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
  • 1455

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible, revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with movable type.

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible, revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with movable type.
  • 1492

    Christopher Columbus’s voyage leads to the European discovery of the Americas

    Christopher Columbus’s voyage leads to the European discovery of the Americas
  • 1494

    Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal.

    Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal.
  • 1517

    Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, sparking the Protestant Reformation.

    Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
  • 1521

    The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings.

    The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings.
  • 1527

    Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V, symbolizing the decline of papal political power.

    Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V, symbolizing the decline of papal political power.
  • 1534

    Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.

    Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England.
  • 1543

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, marking a shift in scientific thought.

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, marking a shift in scientific thought.
  • 1545

    The Council of Trent commences, launching the Counter-Reformation within the Catholic Church.

    The Council of Trent commences, launching the Counter-Reformation within the Catholic Church.
  • 1555

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire.

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire.

  • The Spanish Armada is defeated by England, altering the balance of naval power in Europe.

    The Spanish Armada is defeated by England, altering the balance of naval power in Europe.

  • The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe.

    The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe.

  • The English Civil War begins, leading to significant shifts in power and governance

    The English Civil War begins, leading to significant shifts in power and governance

  • English Civil War begins

  • The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty.

    The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty.

  • The Glorious Revolution in England establishes a constitutional monarchy.

  • The English Bill of Rights is enacted, reinforcing parliamentary power and individual rights.

  • The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession, reshaping the balance of power in Europe.

  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession, reshaping the balance of power in Europe.