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1600 BCE
Bering Land Bridge: First Wave
The first Americans (Natives) came across the Bering Land Bridge. Before the bridge rose 70,000 years ago, there was no way for people to get from the continent of Asia to the Americas. They traveled by foot across the bridge, although no one is sure specifically why. -
1000 BCE
Pyramids in Mesoamerica
The first pyramid, La Venta in Tabasco, Mexico was built by the Olmec's. Pyramids were used for social/religious gatherings, temples, and most importantly as homes fro deities. The largest in the world is the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in the Mexican state of Puebla. -
476
Fall of the Roman Empire
The Barbarian attacks on Rome led to Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, being overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was gone.
Still others argue that the Roman Empire didn't really fall in 476 A.D., since the eastern half continued for another thousand years in the form of the Byzantine Empire. -
700
Feudalism Develops
Was the dominant social system in medieval Europe; structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. -
1347
The Black Death
It was a widespread epidemic over the course of three years that passed from Asia and through Europe. The Bubonic Plague a.k.a the Black Death, killed one third of all the people in Europe. -
1428
Aztecs: Caste System
It was a strict social hierarchy in which people were identified as nobles (pipiltin), commoners (macehualtin), serfs, or slaves. The noble class consisted of government and military leaders, high level priests, and lords (tecuhtli). The commoners class had farmers, artisans, merchants, and low-level priests. -
1492
The Columbian Exchange
The trading of of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World (America's), following Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean. -
1560
Puritanism is Here People
Puritanism is the beliefs of a group of English Protestants who regarded the Reformation of the Church as corrupt and sought to simplify and "purify" worship. Mostly known for establishing the the Massachusetts Bay colony as a way to be free to practice their religion. -
Roanoke
Known as the Lost Colony, was established in 1585. Later that year, John White, governor of the new colony, sailed back to England to get supplies. In August 1590, White finally returned to Roanoke, he found no trace of the colony or its inhabitants, and few clues to what might have happened, apart from a single word—“Croatoan”—carved into a wooden post. -
Anne Hutchinson
Born in England, she was a Puritan and moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634. She challenged Puritan leaders as true Christian ministers and was punished for speaking out against them. She was banished by the General Court of Massachusetts and excommunication by the church. She was killed in an Indian raid in New York a few years later. -
The Headright System
This system was created as a way to attract new settlers to the Jamestown, Virginia. With the need of labor for tobacco farming, new settlers who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land. -
Atlantic Slave Trade
Also called the transatlantic slave trade, it was the process of
taking enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas, and selling them. Used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. 10-12 MILLION HUMAN BEINGS WERE SOLD TO THIS TRADE. -
Bacon's Rebellion: Indentured Servants Rebel
Both black (slaves) and white indentured servants joined together for the rebellion. Seeing them united cause historians believe the rebellion hardened the racial lines associated with slavery, as a way for the ruling class to control some of the poor. -
Glorious Revolution
The overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians (William III) . His policies of religious tolerance were met with growing opposition from members of political circles, who were troubled by the his Catholicism and his close ties with France. William's successful invasion of England led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England. -
Deism
Deists believe in a god of nature, who permits the universe to run itself according to natural laws. One ideal of deism is that evil resulted from ignorance. "God gave us Reason, not Religion" -
The Salem Witch Trials
A series of accusations of witchcraft that led to prosecutions in colonial Massachusetts. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 were killed during the hysteria. Started when three young girls blamed three older women for afflicting them with witchcraft. One confessed and the witch hut began. -
George Washington
Besides being the first POTUS, Washington was a major political figure and Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Leading the the American Revolution is one of his major accomplishments that put him on top and why he is called the "Father of the Country". He died two years after he retired from his first presidency. (February 22, 1732] – December 14, 1799). -
Seven Years War
The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a ,larger imperial war between Great Britain and France. It resulted from ongoing frontier tensions in North America; pitted France, French colonists, and their Native allies against Great Britain. Ended with the treaty of Paris. -
Fort William Henry
In early August 1757 a force of about 10,000 French soldiers and Indians from Canada advanced south and laid siege to Fort William Henry in upstate New York. Ends with a French Defeat, nearly 200 British soldiers were killed. -
The Enlightenment
"Science not superstition" became the way of thinking for Americans. Moving man to the next level, this time period is based o science and reasoning. Straying further away from the ideals of religion.
-Sir Isaac Newton
-John Locke
-Benjamin Franklin -
Treaty Of Paris 1763
Signed on 10 February 1763,. The kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, acknowledged Great Britain's victory over France and Spain and ended the Seven Years' War. -
Townsend Acts
This series of acts introduced by the English parliament imposed taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies. Came after the appeal of the Stamp Acts. -
Triangular Trade
Exchange of goods between England, the Americas and Africa. Goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, that would be shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other goods, which were in turn shipped back to Britain.
- raw materials such as sugar, tobacco, rice and cotton that were found in the 13 colonies.
-Manufactured products from England and Europe such as guns, cloth, beads
-Slaves from West Africa -
The Boston Massacre
An incident where British Army soldiers shot and killed people while under attack by a mob. A total of 5 people died. Caused by increase tensions between the British and colonists. -
Coercive Acts
They were harsh laws passed that were meant to punish the American colonists for the Boston Tea Party and other protests. Closed the port of Boston, made British officials immune to prosecution in Massachusetts, and restricted the colonies government rights. -
What Are Militias?
An army or some other type of fighting unit that is composed of non-professional fighters, citizens of a nation or subjects of a state or government who can be called upon to enter a combat situation,. They are NOT a professional force of regular or something of full-time military personnel. -
Dunmores Proclamation
A historical document issued by John Murray that gave freedom to slaves who agreed to fight for the British. It was in response to information that the colonists had began to form armies and attacking British troops. -
Battle of Lexington
First battle of the American Revolution, "Shot Heard Around the World." Colonists met British forces at Lexington but were overwhelmed by the number of British troops and retreated. -
Major Issues With Slavery: 18th Century
Southern states were pro-slavery while northern states were anti-slavery. This created a even further divide and even more conflict when establishing The Constitution. Will eventually lead to the division of northern and southern states. -
Bill of Rights
This official document consists of the first 10 Amendments.
1 - Freedom of Religion, Speech, and the Press
2 - The Right to Bear Arms
3 - The Housing of Soldiers
4 - Protection from Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
5 - Protection of Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property
6 - Rights of Accused Persons in Criminal Cases
7 - Rights in Civil Cases
8 - Excessive Bail, Fines, and Punishments Forbidden
9 - Other Rights Kept by the People
10 - Powers Kept by the States and the People -
Treaty of Paris 1783
A peace negotiation between the U.S and Great Britain. Recognized America as and independent nation and ended the Revolutionary war. The people sent to negotiation the treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens. -
Northwest Ordinance
An act of Congress that provided a method for future state admissions to the United States.
1. Had to reach 60,000 settlers to petition for statehood.
2. Did not allow slavery.
3.Northwest could not be divided into less than three states but no more than 5. -
Shay's Rebellion
Led by Daniel Shay, a group of farmers became angry that high taxes were being posed on their farms. These taxes threatened them with the loss of their land because farms would either be seized or farmers would be put in jail for not paying off their debts. This rebellion exposed how weak the AOC was and led to government officials coming to together to develop The Constitution. -
The Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan was the third official plan developed when establishing the Constitution. Consists of a two house legislature, modern day Congress ( House of Representatives-based on population- and Senate). This plan is the one all agreed on and is considered the Great Compromise. -
Anti-Federalists Arise
Political parties formed as a result of different beliefs, political opinions, and ideas regarding the extent of power federal government should have over states. Anti-Federalist believed in
-Decentralized government
-sates rights
-Bill of Rights
America should be a nation of agriculture and for the common people -
Articles of Confederation Problems
The already weak AOC was finally replaced when Shay's Rebellion showed the nation how much they needed a stronger plan. Had no central authority, no executive, did not establish any form of military or diplomacy. Put together hastily as a loose "friendship'" of independent states. -
Judicial System
A system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the name of the states. 3 levels of the court system from lowest to highest: District, Circuit, Supreme. Each have different legal functions for both civil and criminal cases. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania and Kentucky farmers became angry that taxes were being placed on alcohol they made themselves. In that area, alcohol was an important means of economic stability . 6,000 farmers will revolt and attack Pittsburgh, Washington leads army to stop the rebellion. This showed that America could deal with their own problems. -
Jays Treaty
Negotiated by John Jay, this treaty led to the British agreeing to vacate American forts and allowed us to have the Ohio Valley. This outraged republicans because it made Federalists seem pro-British. Important since it resolved major issues between the two nations. -
The Cotton Gin
A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds made by Eli Whitney. Allowed much greater productivity than manual cotton separation and revolutionized the production of cotton. Before the creation of the cotton gin, slavery was dying out but since the new machine increased the demand for cotton, it increased the demand for slaves to pick it. -
Pinckney's Treaty
Thomas Pinckney arranged a negotiation with Manuel de Godoy. This treaty established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. Also, it defined the boundaries of the U.S with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the U.S navigation rights on the Mississippi River. -
XYZ Affair
As a result of Jay's Treaty, France became angry and seized a substantial number of American ships. When met with the demands of France, the United States became outraged and Adams handed over with the names of the French diplomats replaced with the letters X, Y and Z; thus the name XYZ Affair. The U.S attacked, launching an undeclared naval war (Quasi-War). -
Kentucky Resolutions
Written by Thomas Jefferson, the Kentucky Resolutions, supported the idea of having more self government and rights for states. It opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts which extended the powers of the federal national and stated that states could nullify unconstitutional laws. -
Impressmnet (in the 1800's)
*Official definition: the act of taking men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice. During the 1800's, this act was performed by Britain as an effective way to get manpower in their navy. Because impressment was mostly used on the United States, it was one of the causes leading up to the War of 1812. was "created" in 1563 but is mostly known for being performed in the 1800's -
Yeoman Farmers
The yeomen farmer owned his own modest farm, worked it primarily with family labor and was the embodiment of the ideal American: honest, virtuous, hardworking, and independent. Basically, to be a yeoman farmer, all one had to was farm his own land. -
Marbury VS. Madison
Most important Supreme Court case in history; Marbury sues Madison for withholding judge nominations. This case will set up the judicial review and the modern supreme court. Chief Justice John Marshall entitled to judge position. -
Lewis & Clark Ezpedition
A three year expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark which began near St. Louis. They negotiated treaties with natives, informed settlers and traders of U.S acquisition, and brought back information on animals, plants and land. The men survived their expedition because of a Native American woman named Sacagawea, who accompanied them and helped them navigate the unknown territories. -
Ithaca, NY
In 1779 General John Sullivan's Revolutionary War troops drove the local Indians away and burned down their orchards and cornfields. In 1804, Simeon DeWitt named the new town Ithaca, after the island home of Ulysses, a popular figure from Greek mythology. -
Embargo Act 1807
This act passed by the United States Congress prohibited American ships form trading in all foreign ports. Britain and France were deprived of American goods. The Embargo Act was very unpopular in the northern states in seaports and hurt the economy. This was one factor leading up to war with Britain. -
Steamboats
Any watercraft propelled by steam is considered to be a steamboat. The first successful steamboat was the Clermont, which was built by American inventor Robert Fulton. The creation of the steamboat is credited to being the opening of the Industrial Revolution. -
War of 1812
This war was fought between the British and the U.S. The British restricted the American trade since they feared it was harmful for their war with France. The Americans objected to the British Empire restricting their trade and the impressment of American sailors, they also were eager to prove their independence from the British Empire once and for all. The Treaty of Ghent ended the war. -
Lowell Mills
Mill operated in Lowell, Massachusetts during the 19th and early 20th century. This was the first factory system where people and machines were all under one roof. The workers (75% women) worked long hours and stayed in dorms on the factory's property. The working conditions were bad, especially considering that many of the workers were children. -
The Battle of New Orleans
Led by Andrew Jackson, the Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements the last battle in the War of 1812. The U.S. won even though the war was technically over before the battle was fought. Jackson used an diverse, rag-tag army to defeat well trained British troops. -
Missouri Compromise
A legislation passed by Congress that admitted Missouri as a slave state along with Main as a free state to maintain a balance of power between the Northern states and Southern states. -
Mormonism
Mormon is the name for the members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mormonism was founded by Joseph Smith.
Their main beliefs:
1. Jesus Christ is the Savior of the world and the Son of our loving Heavenly Father.- Christ’s Atonement allows mankind to be saved from their sins and return to live with God and their families forever.
- Christ’s original Church as described in the New Testament has been restored in modern times.
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Election of 1824
All candidates in this election were democratic-republicans since by this time the Federalist party dissolved. This election is notable because it was the only time since the passage of the Twelfth Amendment where the presidential election was decided by the House of Representatives, since no candidate received a majority of the electoral vote.
Candidates were John Quincy Adams (winner), Andrew Jackson, William Crawford and Henry Clay. -
Railroads
Railroads played a large role in the Industrial Revolution, as well giving the North an advantage in the Civil War. The American railroad system began with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Later on, the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroad companies joined their individual sets of tracks to make the first Transcontinental Railroad in the United States. -
Spoils System
In politics, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for the victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party.The term was derived from the phrase "to the victor belongs the spoils" by William L. Marcy, referring to the victory of Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828. -
Temperance Movement
The country's first serious anti-alcohol movement. The main goal of the movement was to win people over to use alcohol temperately. But as the movement gained power, the goal shifted to prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcohol. This movement was mostly rooted in Protestant churches. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
A slave revolt that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1831 and was the largest and deadliest slave uprising in U.S history. Nat Turner gathered other blacks and went on to murder approximately 55 white men, children, and women. Whites formed mobs and attacked blacks in the nearby areas. An estimated 120 black people were killed and another 200 were beaten. The rebellion was over within two days, Turner was hanged 2 months later. -
Tariff Act of 1832
Another protective tariff that was passed to reduce the existing tariffs as remedy for the problems created by the 1828 tax (The Tariff of 1832 reduced the tariff and returned to the 35% rate of the Tariff of 1824). It was seen as a compromise but left many Southerners unsatisfied. -
American Anti-Slavery Society
An abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. Garrison and his supporters wanted the creation of a new government that prohibited slavery. He argued that the United States Constitution was an illegal document because it denied African Americans their freedom. This was the most prominent abolitionist organization in the U.S. -
The Whig Party
Originally formed in opposition to the policies of Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. The Whigs supported supremacy of Congress over Presidency and favored a system of modernization, banking to stimulate manufacturing. Some participants in this party were of states’ rights advocates, descendants of the old Federalist Party and then the Anti-Masonic Party. -
New York Female Moral Reform Society
Established under the leadership of Lydia A. Finney, the society was created for the fundamental purpose of preventing prostitution in early 19th century New York. It was the third female society formed in the city at the time. They denounced men who visited brothels or seduced women. -
Siege of Bexar
The first major campaign of the Texas Revolution. From October to December Texains laid siege to a Mexican army in San Antonio de Bexar. On December 9, after four days of fighting, Mexican General Perfecto de Cossignalled a n truce. In exchange for the parole and return of Cos and his men to Mexico, the Texans gained all of the public property, guns and ammunition in San Antonio. Texans lost only four men killed and fifteen wounded. -
The Oregon Trail
A 2,000 mile trail used by American pioneers from Missouri to Oregon and California. These emigrants traveled by wagon to find fertile land to settle in Oregon. Nearly one in ten people who set off on the trail did not survive, mostly because of disease or accidents like crossing rivers and not getting to the other side. -
Battle of San Jacinto
The most decisive battle in the Texas Revolution. Led by Sam Houston, the Texain army defeated Santa Anna's Mexican army in 18 minutes. Battle was fught in present day Harris County , Texas. 630 Mexicans were killed and 730 taken prisoner, while 9 Texians were killed. -
Telegraph
Invented by: Samuel Morse in the 1830's. The telegraph revolutionized long distance communication. This invention worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. -
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis in the United States that kicked off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. This was caused by Jackson's policies on the banking system which Martin Van Buren had to deal with once he became president. -
Trail of Tears
The Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and migrate to present-day Oklahoma as on of Andrew Jackson's policies to get rid of Natives.This cruel journey had devastating effects. The migrants faced hunger, disease, and exhaustion on the forced march. Over 4,000 out of 15,000 of the Cherokees died. -
First Police Force in U.S.
Founded as a way to relieve tensions to have an organized way to deal with any disturbances. The first police force in the United States was the NYPD (New York Police Department). Police forces replaced the old "night watch" system. -
Manifest Destiny
A term for the attitude of 19th century American expansion. It was the idea that the United States would stretch from sea to sea (coast to coast). Helped fulfill western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. -
Annexation of Texas
The president at the time, James K. Polk annexed Texas into the U.S. The Republic of Texas wished to become a part of the nation but wanted to enter as a slave state which led the U.S to delaying their decision for a while. Finally, it was annexed as a slave state, which upset Mexico and kicked off the Mexican-American War. -
Bear Flag Revolt
A short independence rebellion by American settlers in California's Sacramento Valley against Mexican authorities. The flag featured the image of a California grizzly bear and became known as the Bear Flag. The people of California distrusted the Mexican government. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women'r rights convention. It was held at the Wesleyan Chapel in N.Y, with almost 200 women in attendance and organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (abolitionists). It was held to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This treaty ended the Mexican-American War in favor of the United States. It added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory ( all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming). Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary. -
Fugitive Slave Act
As part of the compromise between southern and northern states, this law was passed by Congress as a way to relive tensions with the southern states. The law allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves within the territory of the United States and forcibly compelled citizens to assist in their capture. The act was repealed in 1864.- The first Fugitive Slave Act was passed in 1793 but encountered widespread resistance so another one (most well known) was passed in 1850.
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California Joins the U.S
In 1850, California finally joined the United States as a free state. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, stated that Mexico would let the U.S. have a vast portion of land, including present-day California. It was the 31st state admitted to the U.S. Completed the Manifest Destiny (mostly). -
Election of 1852
Franklin Pierce, a Democrat, ran against Winfield Scott of the Whig party and won what was at the time one of the nation's largest electoral victories. After the election the Whig Party quickly collapsed, was soon replaced as the Democratic Party's primary opposition by the new Republican Party. -
Underground Railroad
A network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States, used by African American slaves to escape their masters and runaway to free states. The most important name associated with the UR is Harriet Tubman, who helped free 300 slaves herself, but in all 100,000 slaves were freed. The abolitionist who helped runaway slaves travel were called conductors, the fugitive slaves were referred to as cargo, and the safe houses used as hiding places were called stations. -
Establishment of the Republican Party
In opposition to the democrats and as a result of the Whig party diminishing, antislavery leaders (including former members of the Democratic, Whig, and Free-Soil parties) joined together to oppose the extension of slavery. Especially into the Kansas and Nebraska territories by the proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act allowed each territory to decide whether they'd be a slave or free state on the basis of popular sovereignty, but it also repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowing slavery in the territory north of the 36° 30´ latitude. When Kansas wished to enter the U.S as a slave state it would've violated the Missouri compromise and upset the balance between slave and free states. Both were admitted based on their choices. -
Siege of Richmond
A series of battles fought over the course of nine months during the Civil War. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of Potomac unsuccessfully assaulted Richmond, then constructed trench line along the outskirts of the city to protect themsleves. Battles were fought until Confederate General Robert E. Lee gave up and abandoned the city. -
The Secession of Southern States
With the election of Abraham Lincoln, the south believed their way of life based on slavery was being threatened. South Carolina was the first to secede, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas join after. Lincoln considered this to be a rebellion against the Union and refused to acknowledge the south as their own country. He sent troops to put down the rebellion, which mad Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas join the Confederacy also because of Northern aggression. -
Gradualism
A policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution. Abraham Lincoln wanted to use this as an effective way to rid the U.S of slavery. Instead of abolishing slavery at once, which wouldn't work, so he proposed slowly sending slaves back to Africa or to South America to be freed. -
Emancipation Proclomation
During the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." But there were strings attached; freedom would only be granted to Confederate slaves if teh Southern states didn't return to the Union by January 1, 1863; freedom would only come to slaves if the Union won the war. This led the way to the total abolition of slavery. -
Battle of Chattanooga
Series of battle in the Civil War from Nov. 23-25. The result was that the attack on the Confederate center turned into a major Union victory and Confederate troops retreated. The Union suffered a casualty loss of about 5,800, while Confederates suffered casualties of about 6,600. -
The Gettysburg Address
One of the most recognized speeches in U.S history, written by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. It was only ten sentences long but had great affect. It was a dedication of Soldiers's National Cemetery for Union soldiers killed at the Battle of Gettysburg. -
Conscription Act
President Abraham Lincoln, as a solution to the shortage of soldiers in the Civil War, proposed this act; it was the mandatory enlistment of eligible Union citizens. The results were riots and protest. Especially since it was mainly the poor being targeted since rich people could buy their way out of being enlisted. -
Election of 1864
The re-election of President Abraham Lincoln against George B. McClellon. At first, Lincoln didn't have much hope for winning because Northerners were weary. Sherman's capture of Atlanta gives Lincoln a boost and he wins easily. -
Wade-Davis Bill
A bill proposed for the reconstruction of the South after the Civil War written by Republicans Benjamin Wade and Henry Davis. It was an unsuccessful attempt since the bill required 50% of a state's white male population take a loyalty oath to join the Union , and they had to allow blacks the right to vote. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
On the night of April 14 at Ford's Theater, John Wilkes Booth snuck into Lincoln's presidential box and shot him in the back of the head as he watched a play. Lincoln died the next day; Booth wasn't caught until two weeks later and he died from getting shot. Lincoln had just begun his second term as president -
The Black Codes
Laws passed by southern states before and right after the Civil War to preserve slavery. They limited freedom of employment, movement, right to own land, to testify in court. The 14th Amendment (1868) outlawed the Black Codes.
Examples are:
Employment was required of all freedmen
Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white person.
Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write.
Public facilities were segregated. -
The 13th Amendment
This amendment formally ended slavery in all of the U.S. It stated that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Abraham Lincoln and Republicans finally came to an agreement that slavery should be ban in all parts of the United States. -
Enforcement Acts
3 bills passed by Congress to combat attacks on African-Americans rights by state official or violent white supremacy groups like the KKK. These acts were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, hold office,serve on juries, and receive equal protection of all laws. Tied into the 15th Amendment also. -
15th Amendment
Stated that "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This granted African American men the right to vote finally. -
Panic of 1873
A financial crisis that lead to a six year depression in Europe and the U.S. After the Civil War, the U.S. experienced a lot of economic growth but the stock market in Europe crashed leading to the U.S. having a bank crisis. Led the Reconstruction era to an end and weakened the Republican party. -
Compromise of 1877
To resolve the presidency dispute for the 1876 election, allies of the Republican Party candidate Rutherford Hayes met secretly with southern Democrats to negotiate acceptance of Hayes’ election. Democrats agreed not to block Hayes’ victory if Republicans withdrew all federal troops from the South. Which would secure these territories be democratic. Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina became Democratic once again, effectively marking the end of the Reconstruction era. -
Gentlemen's Agreement
An agreement between the United States and Japan in that represented an effort by President Theodore Roosevelt to calm growing tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. It was never written into law, but was regarded as such.
