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Miller vs Board of Education of the District of Columbia
This case was similar to P.A.R.C. except it included children with behavioral, mental, hyperactive and emotional disabilities from being placed placement in public education. The court denied the Board of Education excuse of limited funding. This is important in schools because there are some children who suffer from emotional disorders and other behavioral disorders. . -
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After P.A.R.C. and Miller cases
After the P.A.R.C and Miller cases 27 other federal courts followed these decisions that led to federal legislation that provided free education to all children with disabilities and have an IEP that is implemented in the least restrictive environment. This is very important because IEP have to be implemented into the least restrictive environments. -
Brown V Board of Education
This ruling stated that segregation in the schools was illegal, based on this ruling the Federal legislation was established to provide federal aid to the Local Education Agencies (LEA) -
P.A.R.C v Pennsylvania
The argument stated that "retarded children" do not have the capacity to learn and that the state board of education be relived from providing educational services as they have been deemed "uneducable and untrainable" The parties entered into a consent agreement which laid the framework for the rights which are now provided to children with disabilities under IDEA as well as the due process for IEP's. This is important to schools because children deserve to have the same experiences. -
FAPE “free appropriate public education”
President Ford signed into law FAPE that guarantees free appropriate education to all children with disabilities. -
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Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
IDEA is a law that makes free appropriate public education to all children with disabilities and ensures special education services and education for those children. -
Board of Education V Rowley
The court further discussed under FAPE that created access to specialized instruction and related services which are to be designed to provide educational benefits and held the procedural safeguards in place. -
Honig V Doe
In this case the Supreme court decided that a school board could not expel a student for more than 10 days for behavior stemming from their disability. This is also where the manifestation meeting was developed to discuss the infractions to see if there were a direct correlation to the child's disability. This is very important to children and their parents because it holds the school accountable to attempt other discipline tactics than suspension., -
Timothy v Rochester
This case discussed that a child with a significant handicap is not eligible for special education. However the ruling stated that OT (occupational therapy) PT (physical therapy) SLP (speech therapy) eating, dressing, daily living, and socialization be provided to the children from the school district. -
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
The ADA act prohibits discriminations against people with disabilities in many areas including transportation, employment and education. This is beneficial to all people having immediate access to places that people without disabilities would have ( such as door handles they could reach in a wheelchair.) -
ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act)
ESSA was implemented into law in 2015 and replaced the No Child left behind act. ESSA goals require states to align their education programs with college and career readiness standards and to extend the federal focus on equity by providing resources for students of color, low economic, ESL learners and students with disabilities. -
References
Forte, J. (2017). History of special education: Important landmark cases. Forte Law Group. http://www.fortelawgroup.com/history-special-education-important-landmark-cases. About IDEA. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/ (2024).