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The First Zionist Congress
The Zionist movement, founded by Theodor Herzl and other leaders, advocated the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Widespread anti-Semitism and the persecution of Jewish communities in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries served as a major catalyst for the Zionist movement.
the jewish they faced discrimination, violence and massacres. -
Balfour Statement
It was the first recognition of Jewish national aspirations by a major international power, which had a profound impact on international diplomacy, contributed to ending Ottoman rule in the region and shaped the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, preparing the ground for the recurring national demands in Palestine. -
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The mandate of the League of Nations
The mandate includes a commitment to implement the Balfour Declaration and facilitate Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine. The mandate led to almost 30 years of British control over the region, which ended in 1948. -
Creation of Haganá
The Haganah was a Jewish paramilitary organization that played an important role in defending Jewish communities during the British Mandate of Palestine.
Initially formed to protect Jewish communities from local Arab attacks, the Haganah later evolved into one of the Jewish community's main military organizations. -
The Hebron Massacre
The Hebron Massacre of 1929 was a violent incident in the city of Hebron during British Mandate Palestine, which took place in August 1929. Arab residents attacked the Jewish community, resulting in the deaths of around 67 Jewish residents. , among them women and children, and injuries to many others. -
Peel Comission
The Peel Commission was a British royal commission appointed to investigate the causes of the Arab revolt in Palestine. In its 1937 report, it proposed the partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, marking the first formal suggestion of partition as a solution to the conflict. -
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The Arab Revolt
It was a period of intense Arab resistance and rebellion against British colonial rule and Jewish immigration during Mandate Palestine.
In the revolt, there were widespread strikes, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience by Arab residents in the region. -
UN Resolution 181
After United Kingdom presented the conflict between Israel and Palestine to the UN, they decided to divide the territory in half, one for the Jewish, which was Israel, and one for the Arabs, which was Palestine. -
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The war of the independence of Israel
After Israel declared its independence, there was an invasion by neighboring Arab states, including Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. The war resulted in the survival and expansion of Israeli territory, which successfully defended itself from the invasion of Arab countries. -
Suez Crisis
The Suez Crisis was a diplomatic and military confrontation involving Egypt, Israel, Britain, and France. After Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal, Israel, along with the UK and France, invaded. The crisis highlighted the decline of British and French influence in the region and resulted in a U.N.-mandated ceasefire. -
Creation of the Organization for the Liberation of Palestine
The Palestinian Liberation Organization was founded in 1964 during an Arab League summit in Cairo, Egypt, to represent Palestinian aspirations for the destruction of Israel.
The PLO later adopted armed struggle, terrorism and, later, diplomacy as a means to achieve its objectives.
The beginning of the PLO marked the creation and formalization of the Palestinian national movement -
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Six-Day War
It was a fast war between Israel and a coalition of Arab States like Egypt, Jordan and Syria, which was due to tensions between the countries, and also the desire to acquire more territory. In the end Israel won, gaining power on the territory of Gaza, Cisjordania and East Jerusalen. -
Munich Olypmic Masacre
Black September, a fraction of a terrorist group of Palestine Liberation Organization, captured 11 members of Israel's olympic team and executed them. -
Lebanon´s first war
The First Lebanon War, also known as the 1982 Lebanon War, was a military conflict between Israel and various Lebanese factions, primarily the PLO.
Israel's objective was to withdraw PLO armed forces from southern Lebanon, which had attacked Israel.
The conflict became a controversial participation in Lebanon by Israel. -
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First Intifada
It was a group of protests made by the people in Palestine, since they weren't happy with Israel having control over Gaza strip, or Cisjordania, and that they weren't having political relations with the Palestinian state. -
The peace Treaty between Jordan and Israel
The peace treaty between Jordan and Israel is an agreement between Jordan and Israel that recognizes sovereignty, establishes its international borders, promotes security and economic cooperation.
This agreement made Jordan the second Arab country after Egypt to normalize its relationship with Israel. -
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Second Intifada (Al-Aqsa intifada)
It was a conflict between Palestenian terrorists and Israel security forces, consisting on protests, armed confrontations and even suicide bombing, it all started when the prime minister of Israel visited the Mosque of Al-Aqsa and De la Roca, which the Palestines saw as a provocation. -
Israel withdraws from the gaza strip
In 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew its military and civilian presence from the Gaza Strip, a process known as the "Gaza Disengagement Plan." Initiated by then-Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, the plan involved the evacuation of all Israeli settlements in Gaza and the dismantling of military bases. The decision aimed to improve security for Israel and promote peace by reducing tensions in the region. -
Annapolis Conference
The Annapolis Conference was a peace conference held in November 2007 in Annapolis, Maryland, organized by the United States under President George W. Bush. The conference aimed to revive the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and establish a framework for a two-state solution. It brought together Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, and representatives from various Arab states and international organizations. -
Hamas takes control of Gaza
In June 2007, Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip after a violent conflict with Fatah, the dominant faction in the Palestinian Authority. This power struggle followed the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, in which Hamas won a majority. The takeover resulted in the establishment of Hamas as the de facto governing authority in Gaza, leading to significant political and territorial divisions between the West Bank, controlled by Fatah, and Gaza.