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Period: 1501 to
The Early Modern Period
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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII and the break with Rome
First Tudor King.
Under his Reign the church was separated from the Roman Catholic Church → Schism. -
Oct 31, 1517
The Ninety Five Theses
Martin Luther writes and nails this text on the door of Wittenburg University --> Birth of Protestantism -
1526
Bible Translation
William Tyndale translates and publicaly publishes the Bible in English for the first time. -
1534
Act of Supremacy (I)
Henry the VIII becomes supreme head of the church -
1536
The pilgrimage of grace
- Popular revolut that happened in Yorkshire, it happened because of the dissolution of monastries
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Period: 1536 to 1541
The dissolution of monastries
Church's incomes, valuables and lands were taken away -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI: the young King's reign
Protestantism will continue to grow and evolve during his reign -
1549
The book of common prayer
Prayer book used in the Anglican Communion -
Period: 1553 to 1558
The reign of Bloody Mary
Managed to restore Catholicism in 18 months. → protestants practiced in hiding (or else they’d be burned alive/killed) -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth the 1rst : The Virgin Queen's reign
Stabilized Church of England with “religious settlement”.
Instaured the ”Via Media” -
1559
The 2nd Act of Supremacy
- Abolishing pope’s authority → restored Queen as Supreme governor of the Church of England
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1559
The Act of Uniformity
→ every parish had to use the Book of common prayer / people could not refuse to attend Anglican church -
1563
Council of Trent 1545-63
The symbol of counter reformation -
1570
Pope pius V issued the papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”
The Pope excommunicated the Queen -
1571
The 39 article of faith (1563-1571)
→ new ecclesiology / new doctrine of salvation / new definition of sacraments and of the mass -
1571
Treasons Act
Made it treason for anyone to claim Elizabeth wasn't the true Queen of England -
1581
1581 Act
Act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s subjects in their dues Obedience : It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism -
The Babington Plot
A plot between Catholics and Mary Stuart against Elizabeth the 1rst was discovered -
The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart was executed in Fotheringham Castle -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
Delivered by the Queen in Tilbury in order to Rally the troops -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Victory of England against the Spanish Armada
→ Ideological positive impact for the Queen's Reign -
East India Company
Firstly building up as small trading posts, The East India Company allowed England to have control over many marchandise (spices, silk etc…) from India and China -
Period: to
The reign of James Irst in England
The son of Mary Queen of Scotts ruled over both kingdoms. He was a strong divine rights believer and both protestants and catholics placed hoped in him to favor their side over the other.
He also faced financial problems, due to an inherited debt that was increased by his extravagance. -
The gunpowder Plot
The choice to pursue the Elizabethian Settlement led to the GunPower Plot. A group of catholics plotted against the King. -
The Establishment of Jamestown Virginia
First permanent colonies in North America -
Period: to
The starving time
Starvation caused by un efficient amount of food : only 60 to 500 colonists survived -
The introduction to the Great Contract : First Parliament dismissal
The King introduced a financial reform called «Great Contract» in order to receive a fixed sum and abolish his financial issues, but this was refused by parliament. It led to the first time a King dismissed Parliament. -
New bible translation (King James Bible)
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Period: to
The Thirty Years War
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The step into Thirty Years War against spain
After years of debate, the Parliament finally agreed to finance the war on Spain like the King requested 3 years before. -
Period: to
Charles I’s Reign
Strongly favored Arminianism, also believed in the divine rights of the Kings and maintained a very conflicted relationship with Parliament -
Petition of Right
The MP’s requested the King to recognize his wrong doings and the illegality of his actions.
He reluctantly signed it. -
Three Resolutions
Passed by MP’s, it implicitly declared that the King would be considered an enemy if he were to bring the church to ‘Arminianism’. It was received as an act of opened defiance by the King and led to the beginning of the Personal Rule. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
11 years during which the King ruled without Parliament -
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
The King tried to align Church of Scotland (Calvinist) and Church of England (Anglican) together.
When he imposed the Book of Common Prayer in Scotland, riots of protest started marking the beginning of The Scottish Crisis. -
Scottish National Covenant
Petition written by Scottish in opposition to the King’s religious policies. It was again received as defiance and started the ‘Bishops’ War’ -
The Irish Rebellion
Result of James I plantation policy : Irish catholics decided to rebel against english protestant colonists taking their land.
→ Massacre of 3000/4000 protestants -
The Grand Remonstrance
Voted by Parliaments in order to expose all the King’s wrong doings.
→ Divide parliament in two groups : Parliamentarians and Royalists -
Arrest of 5 MP’s by the King
The king realized a breach of privilege by marching into the House of commons to arrest 5 MP’s. -
Period: to
First Civil War
The King declared War on Parliament and lost to it’s new model army, forcing him to surrender -
Period: to
The second Civil War
The King allied with Scotts to defeat Parliament.
He was yet again defeated by Cromwell’s army. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
England isn’t a monarchy anymore, the Commonwealth is instaured. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
England is led by the people and stabilized by ‘The Military Protectorate’ -
Execution of Charles I
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The Instrument of Governement
England’s first and only constitution -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
Military dictatorship → ruled by Cromwell (Lord Protector)
Extremely similar to monarchy -
The Invasion of Jamaica
The English invaded Jamaica which was previously a Spanish colony -
Period: to
Charles II’s reign : The Restortaion
He managed to restore monarchy -
The Popish Plot
Rumor of a plot to murder Charles II so that his brother would replace him -
Period: to
The Exclusion Crisis
Parliament tried to debar James II from the succession to the throne, revoking his ‘divine right’ -
The Glorious Revolution
William of Orange takes over the throne -
The Bills of Rights
Important document that limited the monarchy’s powers and allowed to make it constitutional -
The Act of Settlement
Ensured a protestant succession while abolishings the belief in Divine Right -
The Act of Union between England and Scotland
Creation of United Kingdom of Great Britain -
Period: to
The Georgian Era
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The Jacobite Rising (I)
The Jacobites were James II supporters after he was ejected from the throne in England -
Period: to
The Domination Of The Whig Party
The rise of party politics birthed the Whigs, supporters of the Glorious Revolution -
The Jacobite Rising (II)
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The Final Defeat of the Jacobites
They were defeated at Culloden -
The Declaration of Independance
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The inclusion of the Thory Party
Another party supporting the Stuarts -
Irish Rebellion
Influenced by Frenchs and American, Ireland who was essentially a British collony raised against British Rule -
1801 Acts of Union
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was born