Hist 484

By beepboop1917
  • Period: 2100 BCE to 300 BCE

    Jomon

  • Period: 2100 BCE to 1600 BCE

    Xia Dynasty

  • Period: 1600 BCE to 1050 BCE

    Shang Dynasty

    Shang relied on vassal states and didn't have the support they needed to maintain control.
    Start of metalworking and writing. The increasing complexity of socio-political order.
  • Period: 1046 BCE to 256 BCE

    Western Zhou

    Justified the takeover through the mandate of Heaven. Transition to a more centralized authority structure. Development of larger cities and rise in commerce. Birth of Chinese humanistic and political philosophies. Relied on vassal states to take over and to maintain their power. Can't flex their army to keep vassals in line.
  • Period: 771 BCE to 256 BCE

    Eastern Zhou

  • Period: 770 BCE to 475 BCE

    Spring and Autumn Period

    Zhou wasn't strong enough to control the vassal states. Lots of fighting between states
  • Period: 551 BCE to 479 BCE

    Warring States

    Number of states is in flux but 7ish.
  • Period: 300 BCE to 250

    Yayoi

    Developed metallurgy. Change in rice growing methods made clans into such a big thing
  • Period: 221 BCE to 206 BCE

    Qin Dynasty

    Boarder state as well which meant they weren't fighting on all fronts. Unified China. Had Shang Yang who focused on enforcing law regardless of status, and the merit system.
  • Period: 206 BCE to 220

    Han Dynasty

    Qin fell apart after the emperor died. Han expanded past the central plains which led to chariots being replaced with cavalry. They needed to import horses though which made the silk road very important (War of the Heavenly Horses). Reflected in swords as well. The Dao replaced the Jian which was better for mounted warfare. ji replaced the ge which were better for cavalry.
  • Period: 108 BCE to 313

    Han Commanderies

    The four commanderies were made in 108 BCE in northern Korea. Lelang lasted for 400 years while the rest disappeared.
  • Period: 104 BCE to 102 BCE

    War of the Heavenly Horses

    Han China attacked the Greco-Bactrian kingdom (Datuan) because they wouldn't sell their famous blood-sweating horses. Dayuan blamed their own king and killed him and gave the Han what they wanted including 3,000 horses
  • Period: 57 to 660

    Three Kingdoms Period (Korea)

    Korea was split between the Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. Goguryeo clashed with the Sui Dynasty but Sui weren't very successful. Baekje was the least powerful but had relations with Japan. Silla and Baekje teamed up against Goguryeo but Silla took Baekje's land. Silla used the clashes with China to help.
  • Period: 220 to 265

    Six Dynasties Period, Three Kingdoms

    Three major warlords emerged with Wei being a big one
  • Period: 250 to 538

    Kofun/Yamato

    Emergence of the Yamato kingdom whcih had a tributary relationship with Wei
  • Period: 265 to 420

    Jin Dynasty

    Jin gave land and armies to his relatives and when he died they started fighting. The Jin fled south and lasted there while the North went through 16 kingdoms.
  • Period: 386 to 589

    Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties

    13 of the 16 kingdoms in the North were non-chinese. The constant fighting led to a population shift and accelerated development in the South. Chaos led to creativity in religion and art. Non-Chinese rulers realized that they could only rule China if they adopted Chinese administration and they sinicized over time. Yangtze was a natural divider between kingdoms.
  • Period: 538 to 710

    Asuka

    Clans controlled the imperial line. The Soga clan's influence was wiped out by the end of the period.
  • Period: 581 to 618

    Sui Dynasty

    Started in the north and defeated the South in 589. Wanted to rebuild a centralized system and so made the Grand Canal that would link rivers to make a sort of highway. Led failed attacks on the Goguryeo. The heavy costs and causalities helped lead to the collapse fo the Sui.
  • Period: 618 to 906

    Tang Dynasty

    Second emperor started using light cavalry and had lots of non-han officers and soldiers. Tang and Silla worked together to defeat Baekje in 660 CE and Goguryeo in 668 CE. Tang set up a protectorate but clashed with Silla and local resistance and eventually left.
  • Period: 668 to 936

    Unified Silla

    Found gold in their city which meant they could trade with the Steppes people and seem to be attached to the Silk Road. Became very Buddhist. Internal turmoil led to it weakening and the reinsurgence of the Three Kingdoms.
  • Period: 710 to 794

    Nara Period

    Height of imperial power. Emperor Temmu wanted to build a defense force that put all the clans under imperial rule, mimick China's administrative order, and connect kingship to the heavens. The imperial house never got total control over clans
  • Period: 794 to 1185

    Heian Period

    Saw the decline of imperial authority and the rise of the warrior class and Shogunate. The Fujiwara clan originally served as counselors but by the mid10th century became de facto rulers. Regional clans got more powerful and challenged the authority of the imperial court. The Taira clan took over after getting rid of the Fujiwara clan. The Taira were defeated by the Minamoto.
  • Period: 890 to 936

    Later Three Kingdoms

  • Period: 907 to 960

    Five Dynasties Period

  • Period: 936 to 1392

    Goryeo Kingdom

    Overthrew the Goguryeo and formed Goryeo which unified the country in 936. The Northern Kingdom of Balhae which formed during the Unified Silla period was destroyed by the Khitans. Fought with the Khitans but when the Jurchens starting fighting them, Goryeo said it was a tributary state of the Jurchens and highlighted shared ancestry. The Mongols annexed parts but never turned all of Korea into a Mongol state but a vassal one. The Ming wanted to land but the Korean general turned on the king.
  • Period: 960 to 1279

    Song Dynasty

    needed a centralized government but also a huge standing army because of threats from the North. Qingli reforms tried to lessen nepotism/corruption and improve the link between exams and ability to solve problems which didn't end up successful as it lacked support. Song teamed with the Jurchens against the Khitans but the Jurchens began attacking after the Khitans fell. Northern Song fell and Southern Song had to pay tribute
  • Period: 1185 to 1333

    Kamakura Shogunate

    Bakufu system, samurai replaced nobels as actial rulers. The imperial court remained but Shoguns actually ruled. The Mongols attempted invading and while difficult Japan won.
  • Period: 1279 to 1368

    Yuan Dynasty

    The Mongols had durable horses and powerful bows. They were well-trained and had great tactics. They padded their armies with captured warriors. Moving into Southern Song was difficult but they learned Navy from the Northerns which led to the defeat of the Song.
  • Period: 1333 to 1336

    Kenmu Restoration

    The Hōjō ruled the Bakufu system and had the throne alternate between rival imperial branches. Go-Daigo took the throne and he wanted to restore the power of the imperial court which led to him and his supporters clashing with the Hōjō. The Hōjō defeated him but Ashikaga Takauji, commander of the Bakufu, turned on the Hōjō and put Go-Daigo on the throne. Takauji and Go-Daigo had opposing goals and eventually clashed leading to two courts.
  • Period: 1336 to 1392

    Northern and Southern Courts

  • Period: 1336 to 1477

    Ashikaga Shogunate

    Collapse of central authority led to kokujin which refused outside authority and needed to be bribed or defeated. The Shugo gained more power and had increasing independence. It became an unstable coalition of convenience and eventually rival lines ended the bakufu.
  • Period: 1368 to

    Ming Dynasty

    Zhu Yuanzhang fought to "avenge the humiliation" and as emperor tried to consolidate a imagined ethnicity (Han). Tried to make a table rule by giving all his sons power but that led to civil war after he died. He also removed his best generals. After the civil war independent military units were removed and campaigns to Mongolia. Resestablished buffer zones beyond the great wall. Banned trade unless in the tributary system which led to pirates.
  • Period: 1392 to

    Joseon Dynasty

    Ming dynasty was a massive influence, especially Neo-Confucianism. Civil exams became the only way to official rank. Cenralized state and took power away from clans and nobles. invented Hangul. Jurchens made them dessert the Ming and eventually cut ties with them which they refused leading to an invasion by the Qing
  • Period: 1477 to 1573

    Sengoku Period

    Warring states era in Japan that lacked a strong central authority. During this period Portuguese would introduce guns to Japan.
  • Period: 1568 to

    Unification of Japan

    Armed Oda Nobunaga army with matchlock muskets which didn't need much training. He defeated other daimyos and allied with some and occupied Kyoto where the Asjikaga shogun was, he was driven out but this marked the end of them. He clashed with other clans on his goal to unify Japan. He tried to change warriors from fiefdoms to stipendiary retainers and moved temples to maintain a secular leadership. He was killed in 1582 by his general. Toyotomi Hideyosh became his successor.
  • Period: to

    Imjin War

    Japanese invasions of Korea led by Hideyoshi with the goal of defeating Ming China. He wanted to pass through Korea but they denied him. Japan was well armed and their initial attacks did well. Korea did better in naval warfare and got support from the Ming. The war ended with Hideyoshi's death as he refused peace talks. Root of anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea
  • Period: to

    Edo Period

    Ieyasu rebelled against the Toyotomi family, which had ruled, after Hideyoshi's death. He defeated them and made Edo the capital. They had expelled foreigners but were eventually forced to open back up.
  • Period: to

    Qing Dynasty

    Non-Han invaders so they tried to seperate ethnicity from Chinese nationalism. Faced some rebellions mainly because they felt exploited and had food crisis. Opium wars showed Qing weaknesses in technology as the esteemed cavalry and archery. Self-Strengthening Movement promoted using foreign tech and knowledge to defeat them. Rites Controversy led to Catholics being mostly driven out.
  • Period: to

    Meiji Restoration

    The Boshin War ended the Tokugawa bakfu and imperial authority was conceptually restored. Meiji requested reformers to travel and moved the capital to Tokyo. As they modernized they also became aggressive, also assimilation. Attacked Korea to force them to open up trade ports and become independent of China. Japan occupied them when they request help from Qing for a peasant revolt. They cut ties with China and led to fighting between China and Japan.
  • Period: to

    Sino-Japanese War

    Qing lost Japan and Korea as a tributary. Japan became the new power and led to questions of China's modernization. CHina suffered from fctionalism, corruption and poor command.