Europe 1918

From Darkness, through Blood, into Light: The Rise of the European Nation-State

  • Treaty of Osnabruck

    Treaty of Osnabruck
    The treaties of Westphalia were signed in 1648. They both marked the end of the Thirty Years' War and the begining of the emergence of modern Europe.
  • What is the Third Estate?

    What is the Third Estate?
    What is the Third Estate? was a pamphlet written by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes in January 1789. His writing inspired many within France to rise up and it embodied much of the thought behind the French revolution.
  • Germania

    Germania
    Painted in 1848 by Philipp Veit, Germany is characterized by the figure of a woman. The symbolism in this painting is indicative of the particular rise of nationalism in that period.
  • Intercepted letters from World War One

    Intercepted letters from World War One
    This particular letter from 1917 showcases a poor woman from Italy writing to her husband at the front, complaining how the poor farmers and workers were all sent to the front to fight but how the upper class businessmen all stayed at home.
  • Decree on Land

    Decree on Land
    This document was written by Vladimir Lenin shortly after the successful October revolution in Russia. It, along with dozens of consecutive decrees, became one of the legal documents which realized the Russian Empire's transition to Soviet Russia.
  • Yalta Conference

    Yalta Conference
    This picture, which was taken by an official photographer of the United States Government, showcases the three world leaders Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin, posing for the cameras during the Yalta Conference.