Hermann History of Healthcare Timeline

  • Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE

    Early Beginnings

  • 3900 BCE

    Disease Caused By?

    Disease Caused By?
    Evil Spirts
  • 3600 BCE

    Treatments For Sick?

    Tribal doctors preformed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirts.
  • 3100 BCE

    Medicines Used Today

    • Digitalis: given in pill form to treat heart conditions
    • Quinine: Comes from bark of the cinchona tree, it controls fever, muscles spasm, and helps prevent malaria
    • Belladonna and atropine: made form poisonous nightshade plant relieve muscle spasm
    • Morphine: Treats severe pain, addicting, only use when nothing else helps
  • Period: 2999 BCE to 399

    Ancient Times

  • 2900 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    Ancient Egyptians
    They were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them
    The priests are the physicians
    They used medicines to heal diseases
  • 1900 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    These early medical pioneers learned that to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools which developed the practices of Chinese acupuncture.
  • 900 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    They were the first to study the causes diseases and to determine that illnesses may have natural rather than spiritual causes
    They did not allow bodies to be dissected
    Hippocrates wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates.
  • 100

    Ancient Romans

    • Disease was caused by the lack of sanitation
    • Romans were the first to organize medical care
    • Public buildings for the care of the sick were established
  • Period: 400 to 800

    Dark Age

  • 500

    Stopped the Study of Medicine Why?

    Medicine was practiced only in convents and monasteries because the church believed that life and death were in God’s hands.
  • 700

    How Do They Treat Disease

    The primary treatment was a prayer.
  • Period: 800 to 1400

    Middle Age

  • 1100

    Epidemics

    Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period
  • Period: 1350 to

    Renaissance

  • 1450

    Rebirth?

    Rebirth?
    • The building of universities and medical schools for research
    • The acceptance of dissection of the body for study
    • The development of the printing press and the publishing of books, allowing greater access to the knowledge from research Changed the future of medical science
  • Period: 1501 to

    16th and 17th Centuries

  • 1515

    Leonardo De Vinci

    Leonardo De Vinci
    Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body
  • 1550

    Gabrielle Fallopius

    Discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy
  • 1563

    Bartolommeo Eustachio

    Discovered the tube leading form the ear to the throat
  • William Harvey

    He was able to describe the circulations of blood and pumping of the heart
  • Antonie Von Leeuwenhoek

    Invented the microscope
    Discovered what causes tooth decay
    The germs that cause disease were now visible
  • Apothecaries

    Apothecaries
    Pharmacies started in this time
  • Period: to

    18th Century

  • Benjamin Franklin

    He discovered bifocals, ad found that colds can be passed from person to person
  • Medical students learning

    Medical students learning
    Observed patients at bedside
    Dissected patients when they died
    More students wanted to study medicine
  • Joseph Priestley

    Discovered the element of oxygen and observed plants refresh air that has restored oxygen making respiration
  • Edward Jenner

    Found a method of vaccination for smallpox, saved many people
  • Rene Laennec

    Rene Laennec
    Invented the stethoscope
  • Period: to

    19th and 20th Centuries

  • Ignaz Semmelweis

    Found the cause for the childbed fever
  • Florence Nightingale

    Middle-Class family, dedicated her life to nursing
  • Louis Pasteur

    “Father of Microbiology”
    Discovered tiny microorganisms are everywhere = Disease
    Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk
  • Joseph Lister

    First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery
  • Dmitri Ivanovski

    some diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen with a microscope
  • Ernst Von Bergmann

    Developed asepsis.
  • Robert Koch

    Discovered many disease-causing organisms
  • Paul Ehrlich

    Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganism
  • Wilhelm Roentgen

    Discovered X-rays =, helps discover what’s wrong with the patients
  • Anesthesia

    Anesthesia
    Helps relieve pain of surgery.
  • Sir Alexander Fleming

    Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria
  • Sigmund Freud

    His studies were basis of psychology and psychiatry. Discovered conscious parts and unconscious parts of the brain
  • Gerhard Domaqk

    Discovered sulfonamide compounds, changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly disease
  • Jonas Salk

    Discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
  • Albert Sabin

    used a live polio virus vaccine which is mire effective
  • Francis Crick and James Watson

    Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its known double helix
  • Christian Barnard

    Christian Barnard
    Preformed the first successful heart transplant
  • Ben Carson

    Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese Twins and preforming hemishperectomies surgeries on the brain to stop seizures
  • Period: to

    21st Century

  • Kidney Failure Markers

    Andrzej Krolewski identified 2 novel markers that when elevated in the bloodstream accurately predict the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  • Unlocking the blood-brain barrier

    First molecular explanation for how the blood-brain barrier remains closed. This finding may lead a way to deliver drugs across the barrier and into the brain to treat disorders such as brain cancer, stroke, and Alzheimer’s
  • How Covid causes loss of smell

    Neurobiologists identify a class of support cells in the nose and forebrain as the main targets do SARS-Cov-2
  • Heart Muscle Dysfunction

    Heart Muscle Dysfunction
    Geneticists trace the molecular roots of the potentially fatal heart conditions hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, marked by the heart muscles inability to contract and relax normally.
  • New Origin of Breast Cancer / Advancement

    researchers found that sex hormon estrogen not only can fuel cancer but can actually drive the genomic rearrangements that lead to breast cancer. It explains why many cases of the disease that dont fit the classic model of breast cancer development