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Evil Spirts -
Tribal doctors preformed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirts.
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- Digitalis: given in pill form to treat heart conditions
- Quinine: Comes from bark of the cinchona tree, it controls fever, muscles spasm, and helps prevent malaria
- Belladonna and atropine: made form poisonous nightshade plant relieve muscle spasm
- Morphine: Treats severe pain, addicting, only use when nothing else helps
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They were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them
The priests are the physicians
They used medicines to heal diseases -
These early medical pioneers learned that to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools which developed the practices of Chinese acupuncture.
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They were the first to study the causes diseases and to determine that illnesses may have natural rather than spiritual causes
They did not allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates. -
- Disease was caused by the lack of sanitation
- Romans were the first to organize medical care
- Public buildings for the care of the sick were established
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Medicine was practiced only in convents and monasteries because the church believed that life and death were in God’s hands.
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The primary treatment was a prayer.
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Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period
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- The building of universities and medical schools for research
- The acceptance of dissection of the body for study
- The development of the printing press and the publishing of books, allowing greater access to the knowledge from research Changed the future of medical science
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Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
Discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy
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Discovered the tube leading form the ear to the throat
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He was able to describe the circulations of blood and pumping of the heart
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Invented the microscope
Discovered what causes tooth decay
The germs that cause disease were now visible -
Pharmacies started in this time -
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He discovered bifocals, ad found that colds can be passed from person to person
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Observed patients at bedside
Dissected patients when they died
More students wanted to study medicine -
Discovered the element of oxygen and observed plants refresh air that has restored oxygen making respiration
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Found a method of vaccination for smallpox, saved many people
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Invented the stethoscope -
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Found the cause for the childbed fever
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Middle-Class family, dedicated her life to nursing
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“Father of Microbiology”
Discovered tiny microorganisms are everywhere = Disease
Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk -
First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery
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some diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen with a microscope
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Developed asepsis.
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Discovered many disease-causing organisms
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Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganism
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Discovered X-rays =, helps discover what’s wrong with the patients
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Helps relieve pain of surgery. -
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria
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His studies were basis of psychology and psychiatry. Discovered conscious parts and unconscious parts of the brain
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds, changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly disease
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Discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
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used a live polio virus vaccine which is mire effective
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Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its known double helix
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Preformed the first successful heart transplant -
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese Twins and preforming hemishperectomies surgeries on the brain to stop seizures
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Andrzej Krolewski identified 2 novel markers that when elevated in the bloodstream accurately predict the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
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First molecular explanation for how the blood-brain barrier remains closed. This finding may lead a way to deliver drugs across the barrier and into the brain to treat disorders such as brain cancer, stroke, and Alzheimer’s
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Neurobiologists identify a class of support cells in the nose and forebrain as the main targets do SARS-Cov-2
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Geneticists trace the molecular roots of the potentially fatal heart conditions hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, marked by the heart muscles inability to contract and relax normally. -
researchers found that sex hormon estrogen not only can fuel cancer but can actually drive the genomic rearrangements that lead to breast cancer. It explains why many cases of the disease that dont fit the classic model of breast cancer development