-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
-
3900 BCE
Disease Caused By?
Evil Spirts -
3600 BCE
Treatments For Sick?
Tribal doctors preformed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirts. -
3100 BCE
Medicines Used Today
- Digitalis: given in pill form to treat heart conditions
- Quinine: Comes from bark of the cinchona tree, it controls fever, muscles spasm, and helps prevent malaria
- Belladonna and atropine: made form poisonous nightshade plant relieve muscle spasm
- Morphine: Treats severe pain, addicting, only use when nothing else helps
-
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
-
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
They were superstitious and called upon the gods to heal them
The priests are the physicians
They used medicines to heal diseases -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
These early medical pioneers learned that to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools which developed the practices of Chinese acupuncture. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
They were the first to study the causes diseases and to determine that illnesses may have natural rather than spiritual causes
They did not allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates. -
100
Ancient Romans
- Disease was caused by the lack of sanitation
- Romans were the first to organize medical care
- Public buildings for the care of the sick were established
-
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
-
500
Stopped the Study of Medicine Why?
Medicine was practiced only in convents and monasteries because the church believed that life and death were in God’s hands. -
700
How Do They Treat Disease
The primary treatment was a prayer. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
1100
Epidemics
Epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Rebirth?
- The building of universities and medical schools for research
- The acceptance of dissection of the body for study
- The development of the printing press and the publishing of books, allowing greater access to the knowledge from research Changed the future of medical science
-
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
-
1515
Leonardo De Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading form the ear to the throat -
William Harvey
He was able to describe the circulations of blood and pumping of the heart -
Antonie Von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope
Discovered what causes tooth decay
The germs that cause disease were now visible -
Apothecaries
Pharmacies started in this time -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals, ad found that colds can be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
Observed patients at bedside
Dissected patients when they died
More students wanted to study medicine -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element of oxygen and observed plants refresh air that has restored oxygen making respiration -
Edward Jenner
Found a method of vaccination for smallpox, saved many people -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
Found the cause for the childbed fever -
Florence Nightingale
Middle-Class family, dedicated her life to nursing -
Louis Pasteur
“Father of Microbiology”
Discovered tiny microorganisms are everywhere = Disease
Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk -
Joseph Lister
First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery -
Dmitri Ivanovski
some diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen with a microscope -
Ernst Von Bergmann
Developed asepsis. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease-causing organisms -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganism -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered X-rays =, helps discover what’s wrong with the patients -
Anesthesia
Helps relieve pain of surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria -
Sigmund Freud
His studies were basis of psychology and psychiatry. Discovered conscious parts and unconscious parts of the brain -
Gerhard Domaqk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds, changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly disease -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin
used a live polio virus vaccine which is mire effective -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its known double helix -
Christian Barnard
Preformed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese Twins and preforming hemishperectomies surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
Period: to
21st Century
-
Kidney Failure Markers
Andrzej Krolewski identified 2 novel markers that when elevated in the bloodstream accurately predict the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes -
Unlocking the blood-brain barrier
First molecular explanation for how the blood-brain barrier remains closed. This finding may lead a way to deliver drugs across the barrier and into the brain to treat disorders such as brain cancer, stroke, and Alzheimer’s -
How Covid causes loss of smell
Neurobiologists identify a class of support cells in the nose and forebrain as the main targets do SARS-Cov-2 -
Heart Muscle Dysfunction
Geneticists trace the molecular roots of the potentially fatal heart conditions hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, marked by the heart muscles inability to contract and relax normally. -
New Origin of Breast Cancer / Advancement
researchers found that sex hormon estrogen not only can fuel cancer but can actually drive the genomic rearrangements that lead to breast cancer. It explains why many cases of the disease that dont fit the classic model of breast cancer development