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480 BCE
Preperations
Xerxes I makes extensive preparations to invade mainland Greece by building depots, canals and a boat bridge across the Hellespont. -
479 BCE
Victory
Xerxes' Persian forces are defeated by Greek forces at Plataea effectively ending Persia's imperial ambitions in Greece. -
478 BCE
Withdrawal
Sparta withdraws from alliance against Persia. -
Period: 462 BCE to 458 BCE
New democracy
Pericles introduces democratic institutions in Athens. -
460 BCE
Peloponnesian War
Beginning of the first Peloponnesian War. -
457 BCE
Conquered Athens
Domination of Athens over central Greece. -
451 BCE
30 year peace anniversary
Thirty years peace between Argos and Sparta. -
449 BCE
Peace between Greece and Persia.
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449 BCE
Peace is agreed on by Athens and Persia
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448 BCE
Ionian cities become independent from Persia under the Peace of Callias.
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431 BCE
Beginning of the second Peloponnesian war
The 2nd Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta which involved all of Greece. -
412 BCE
Sparta allies with Persia.
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404 BCE
End of the Peloponnesian war
End of the Peloponnesian war, Athens defeated By Sparta at Aegospotami, Rule of the Thirty Tyrants in Athens. -
400 BCE
Pepper became known in Greece.
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399 BCE
Trial and death of the philosopher Socrates, who taught in the court of the Agora.
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395 BCE
The Start of the Corinthian Wars between Sparta and an alliance of Athens, Corinth, Argos, Boeotia and Thebes.
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380 BCE
Plato founds his Academy outside of Athens.
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359 BCE
Reign of Philip II of Macedon.
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356 BCE
Third Social War in Greece.
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334 BCE
Alexander the Great invades the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
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331 BCE
Egypt is conquered by Alexander the Great without resistance.