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27,000 BCE
Bering Land Bridge: 1st wave
During this time about 27,000 years ago, the first wave to civilization started. Clovis Points were invented; which were spear tipped and used for hunting large game for food. While in these times, glaciers all around began to melt and disappear from sight, and in result, allowing others to come in and make themselves at home. -
Period: 27,000 BCE to 1400
Beginning to Exploration
The Age of Discovery, this was an informal and loose period in history where intense over sea explorations took place and emerged as powerful in European culture and marked the beginning of colonialism and mercantilism. -
8000 BCE
Bering Land Bridge: 2nd Wave
After the first wave followed the second wave around 8,000 years ago. where the ancestors of the modern south western natives appeared and stayed in. After that more people had entered this moment in time and began getting familiar with the environment and using it to almost their every advantage. -
5000 BCE
Bering Land Bridge: 3rd Wave
This was the last major bridge, about 5,000 years ago and had ancestors of Arctic Natives. The first Americans arrived being hunters and gatherers, hunting large game with atalas. More ice will melt resulting in more death in which the Americans will adapt, beginning with hunting smaller animals and agriculture. -
1200 BCE
Mesoamerica: Olmecs
During this time after scavenging the land, fruits and chocolate were discovered. They were the ones who were the first advanced civilization in the americas. However, they sadly began to decline in the time of 350 BC. Also in this time period they carried long-count calender's, bloodletting, and pitched in with mesoamerican ballgame. -
420 BCE
Mesoamerica: Maya
In this time period, around 2,000 BC-1,500 AD, bloodletting had continued alongside ballgame, and so did long count calender's. They had advanced within their sacrifices, and began to inscribe hieroglyphics. Through this a new classing system was born, the new caste system. -
1075
The Crusades
They were usually unsuccessful in these times, and there were some of the most religious massacres in history. However, they had brought knowledge and they also awarded indulgence. including the fact that templars were brought into the world; which were actually highly trained knights in armor. -
1400
Mesoamerica: Aztecs
The Aztecs had the LARGEST population of 20 million people! with the most popular European city being Tenochtitlan. They had a materialistic culture, which made it the most beautiful place, and had advanced irrigation system. They also had written language and a civilization ruled by nobles and priest. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
The Age of Discovery, this was an informal and loose period in history where intense over sea explorations took place and emerged as powerful in European culture and marked the beginning of colonialism and mercantilism. -
English Colonial Societies: Tobacco
in the very beginning, Jamestown had nothing to profit in. They wanted to earn off gold, but little did they know, they would profit in finding and growing tobacco. It quickly became Jamestown's cash crop and was a huge success in Europe; Europeans loved smoking tobacco very much and were one of Jamestown's major buyers. -
English Colonial Societies: Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower was a boat that traveled 100 miles north. The Mayflower Compact was in written 1620. It was a legal document signed by the crew members of the Mayflower, it was meant to state that they were a religious free colony. When landing life was hard but thanks to the Indians they survived, bringing us, Thanksgiving. The taught the pilgrims how to grow and live on the land. Squanto was the Indian who helped translate the both languages to better help. -
English Colonial Societies: Maryland
Maryland was originally made to be for Catholics. James I of England was a protestant who died in 1625 after having his son Charles I. George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) had converted to catholic, religiously free colony, and named it after his wife. Cecil Calvert (The New Baltimore) inherited his dad's life and needed settlers to have provisions, and will eventually be over come by protestants. -
English Colonial Societies: Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson was a Calvinist who was a mother of 14 and believed in predestination. She stood up and "disturbed the peace," which was not taken very well by participating in the Antinomian Controversy. After defiling everyone around her, she was banned and fled to Massachusetts in New Amsterdam. (New York) -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious revolution began in 1688 and ended a year later. James II wanted to rule like the Spanish government did. He added new taxes, farmers had to reapply for their land, and he wanted England to ally with Catholic France. He dissolves parliament and in result, parliament will ask his daughter to over rule him with her husband. She agreed and her invasion was almost bloodless; they let her take over. -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was agreed upon by William and Mary, who were also the husband and wife to over throw James II in the Glorious Revolution. They excluded Catholics from the monarchy and were protecting the basic rights to the people. The Bill of Rights had also included the protection to the people from cruel and unusual punishments. -
Salem Witch trials
During these Witch Trials, the War on the Northern frontiers happened. Natives raided and fear was everywhere. The trials began with the minister's daughter who everyone claimed was a witch and worked with the devil. After this many accusations were made and countless of "witches" were hanged or burned at the stake. Dozens and dozens were dead. -
Colonial America: Triangular Trade
In the colonial times the Triangular Trade was created. The Triangular Trade was a system of trading slaves. Trading were on slaves that were captured and/or taken to the new world, this was deadly. The ships were jam packed with slaves head to toe. piled on top of one another, many died because of numerous reasons, one being suffocation. -
Period: to
Colonial America
This era covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century where it all started to the moment they stopped working and being cooperative with the United States of America. -
Colonial America: Georgia
Georgia was originally a penal colony which meant it was for prisoners to do their time in jail (Which included the poor.) People who were in debt were also sent here until their debt was fully paid. This place was named for King George II after declared that it was a buffer colony. This idea was based on the enlightened ideals, which were previously created. -
Colonial America: Slave Rebellions
Slave rebellions were small, they would sabotage their masters by "accidentally" breaking their tools for work. They would play hooky and not show up or show up late. Many slaves stayed close to their heritage and many refused to mate or get married, which angered slave owners because of discontinuation of slave babies. -
Colonial America: John Edwards
John Edwards affected the Great Awakening by warning sinners that they were going to be damned in hell and claimed they were "Sinners at the hand of God!" He constantly told everyone they'd go to hell unless the had repented for forgiveness. -
Colonial America: Washington's Role
During the French and Indian War (7 Year War) Britain wanted more land, which belonged to the French. In result, Fort Duquesne was captured, which was French made and was in modern Pittsburgh. George Washington who was the governor, was the one to seize it. Washington's role in the war was capturing the fort, which played an important role in today life. -
Colonial America: Fort Duquesne
Fort Duquesne was captured in 1758 by George Washington. George was told to seize the fort after Britain stated it wanted more land. Land of which belonged to the French. Fort Duquesne was at modern Pittsburgh when it was captured by George Washington, and was successfully captured. -
Colonial America: Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris in 1763 was the treaty to officially end the French and Indian war (Seven Year War.). It had also ended all respected allies. In this treaty France signed that they would give up all their territories in the north, which resulted in the end of military threats to the British colonies living there. This treaty gave Great Britain its victory. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War was also known as the American War for Independence and was a global fight that started off as a problem with Great Britain and the 13 colonies, which led to the declared independence for the United States of America. -
Revolutionary Era: Non-importation Movement
The Non-importation act was an act that was passed in 1806 that began boycotting certain British goods such as tea and other British items. Because of this, women began making their own clothes and and the boycott on tea continued. After going on like this, British military decided to moved forward with soldiers in red that were labeled "Red Coats." -
Revolutionary Era: Boston Massacre
Boston had been known for carrying the most rebellious of people. People of which grew to be crowds who then harassed Redcoats by throwing snowballs and rocks at them. It had come to the breaking point of the soldiers, the Redcoats stood their ground and opened fire on the local Bostonians. The angered the colonies, and which Paul Revere used to his advantage towards propaganda. -
Revolutionary Era: Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a result of the unfair tax on tea, which was a important item. The tax angered bonstonians and they took action. However, they were insanely drunk when it happened, completely drunk. They dressed up as Indians in attempt to convince others that the Indians were at fault, which in the end clearly didn't work. Over 340 chests were thrown into the water, chests full of tea, as an act of rebellion. -
Revolutionary Era: Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry is most known for his words towards the Second Virginia Convention, "Give me liberty, or give me death!" In saying this he claimed that there was a need to fight for the truth and for God's purpose. He hoped that he could convince the american colonies to fight against England. Him saying his quote was to help push the colonies to fight. -
Revolutionary Era: Battle of Lexington
The Battle of Lexington was the first in the revolutionary war. The battle was fought in Massachusetts on April 19th, 1775. At this point British troops marched their way to concord to meet militias. However, the militias were organized and had a new strategy called the Guerilla Warfare, which was basically a hit and run. The battle ended with a victory for concord and the Americans, in result, the rebellion was in full swing. -
Revolutionary Era: Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill was a fight that was lost to the British in Massachusetts. However, even though the Americans lost the fight, they still caused the British a heavy blow which resulted in them carrying many casualties. In this battle the British were given a new set of eyes to see that the Americans were not going to be push overs. -
Revolutionary Era: Dunmore's Proclamation
The Dumore Proclamation was a document that signed off that slaves who decided to fight alongside the British would be granted freedom from their slave lives. This was a result of the colonist building armies and attacking British troops. The proclamation was issued by Virginia's royal governor John Murray. Soon after this, the "Star Spangled Banner" was written. -
Constitution: American Virtue
The American Virtue took place in post-revolutionary america and was a moment in time where republicanism was celebrated greatly. They idealized Greek republicanism and it involved citizens of all kind of class. Regular everyday citizens were getting educated and so were children. Everyone was involved. -
Constitution: Debt
At this time debt was a heavy burden that many carried during the recession. There was not enough money to buy luxury items, most things people owned we need-to-have based. There wasn't enough money to buy food so in result, many began paying with credit. They wanted to have money not only to buy necessities but to also buy British foods. Although they hated the British, they loved their food. -
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The Constitution
The Constitutional era goes over attempts to make a national government based on republicans after the revolutionary war. After the war they adopted the Articles of Confederation which created a weak national government and it carries on. -
Constitution: Shay's Rebellion
Shay's rebellion took place in the moment of the constitution and resulted in the founding fathers gathering in Philadelphia to discuss the matters. Post-war recession was bad for everyone and had gotten to the point where farmers land was being taken away. Daniel Shay led the war with revolution veterans and ideas of this rebellion had spread rapidly only to be taken down by militias soon after. This rebellion sent the government into an urgency mode which resulted in the founding fathers. -
Constitution: Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan was mainly for large states, and abandoned the Articles of Confederation. It would be that they would have had a strong central government when the government had authority. It would have one single president and a separate supreme court. It also had 2 houses of legislatures, lower house of representatives who were elected by ordinary citizens, and an upper house for the senate. -
Constitution: New Jersey plan
The New Jersey Plan was more beneficial to smaller states and had only a single legislature. It also had a legislature branch that would be the supreme law of the land and whose president would be elected by the congress. Through all this, the Judiciary branch would have the least power. -
Constitution: Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan is also known as the "Great Compromise" was a 3rd option and will be the plan that beats the original 2. It was a combination of the Virginia and New Jersey Plan that was favored the most . It had a house of representatives with 2 senates along with a bi camel legislature. This plan was a compromise appeal to all. -
Constitution: Slavery
Slavery during this time was a confused mess. Regardless of the South being pro-slavery and the North being anti-slavery, neither of the two could figure out how to count slaves. After a long while they finally came to the conclusion of the 3/5 compromise. The compromise meant that a single slave was worth 3/5 of a white man. -
New Republic: Election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the first election. The election involved George Washington who was seen as a god-like figure. Everyone loved George Washington and no one ran against him, which easily resulted in John Adams receiving second place in the election. John Adams then became vice president. -
New Republic: Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was a founding father during the new republic. He disagreed on the governing and stated it was decentralized, he also went against Alexander Hamilton own opinions. He believed life was meant for a nation of farmers, where power was inferior to the people. -
New Republic: Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton during this time, was also a founding father, along with Thomas Jefferson and promoted the U.S constitution. He wanted there to be a strong central government and believed that class divisions would never seize to exist and that no matter what happened, there would also be class ranking. -
New Republic: Bank of the U.S
The U.S bank was originally meant for depository funds where the government could makes loans. This was made in hope to lift the debt and stabilize the government. Hamilton wanted private investors to donate money to the bank and eventually set off constitutionality issues. People began questioning the constitution. George Washington ends up siding with Hamilton due to the fact that he looked up to him, soon after the bank was chartered. -
New Republic: Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion involved farmers from Pennsylvania and Kentucky. Tax on whiskey angered farmers because it was a major importance to the economy. Farmers revolted and 6,000 of them threatened to attack Pittsburgh. After this, George Washington led an army and the first major domestic test was born. -
Age of Jefferson: Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin made by Eli Whitney was one of the many things invented at the time and was one of the most life changing too. It easily removed cotton seeds and revolutionized cotton agricultural. Slavery was actually on a downfall before the cotton gin however after the invention spread whites needed more labor to work for them, which increased slavery and allowed it to flourish. After this, the cotton production skyrocketed. -
New Republic: Election of 1796
The election of 1796 was the moment when George Washington time as president ended during the time of early republics. In result, the run for presidency with John Adams and Thomas Jefferson began. Jefferson being a republican and John Adams being a federalist. In the end, John Adams had succeeded and Jefferson became the vice president. -
New Republic: Washington's Farewell Address
Before leaving office, Washington finished off by giving his famous "Farewell Address" speech. In his words he explains about how he wished that the United States avoid conflict if conflict not be needed, along with the advice stating that he did not want any "permanent" alliances with anyone, the only alliances he wished to have were ones that were temporary. George Washington completed his 2 terms and was gone. -
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Age of Jefferson
This era speaks about Thomas Jefferson's concern of Louisiana, rivers, Edens, empire, along with Lewis and Clark expeditions and the revealing of america. Also slavery and race in the Jeffersonian america. -
Age of Jefferson: Jefferson's Administrations
Jefferson was often mocked and verbally attacked by federalist because of his simplicity, instead of dressing all in suits and hats, he most of the time wore pajamas around the white house freely. He was a simple demeanor, not at the least flashy but was a casual normal man. -
Age of Jefferson: Louisiana Purchase
During this time, Jefferson wanted a nation of farmers, he believed farming was the way to go with life. After Napoleon needed money to take over Spain, mistakenly sells Louisiana for almost 3 cents per acre. Jefferson quickly buys the land and is marked a hypocrite for acting like a federalist when he stood as a republican. Despite all, the nation ended up doubling in size. -
Age of Jefferson: Problems With Britain
One major problem when dealing with the British was that many on seas would capture american ships and forced the american sailors to serve in the British naval services. This was a MAJOR issues as you can see why. Soon after the British begin firing at U.S naval ships which in result of all the commotion led to Thomas then pass the Embargo Act of 1807. -
Age of Jefferson: Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act f 1807 had deprived not only France but also Britain from american goods. This law was passed and signed by Thomas Jefferson which he regretted soon after. Not only was it almost in effective, but it was damaging america more than it was hurting Spain or Britain. Later Jefferson repealed the act shortly after leaving office. -
Industrial Revolution: Changes in Communication
Along with transportation, communication in 1815 also grew, one being, transportation. Transportation led to to people meeting other people and spreading news quickly. Telegraphs that were invented by Samuel Morse were messages that could be delivered through sound and light. Printing also became a lot cheaper and rung up a mass production of advertisements. -
Age of Jefferson: Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was the most symbolic and ended up ending things for the federalist part. Andrew Jackson was a household name (who becomes president,) actually ends up defeating the British army with a bi-racial army of his own. In result of this, america wins and British withdraw 100% away from Louisiana. -
Industrial Revolution: Transportation
Transportation in 1815 grew tremendously from modern roads which were built and gave smooth rides along with Steamboats that could go against currents which served for a huge turn in over sea imports. Along with Canals that were made and Railroads meant for steam engines to speed up travel and offer fast transportation all around. -
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Industrial Revolution
During the industrial revolution, the transition to manufactured goods from labor is all here. Industries, companies, transportation, communication along with many other items and weaponry that push america up. -
Age of Jefferson: Rush-Bagot Treaty
The Rush-Bagot Treaty was in 1817 and revolves around the U.S and Britain limiting weapons on Great Lakes. This is also the time where the 49th parallel is born, which is the boundary between Britain and Canada. Abruptly in the end British formerly allow fishing and agree to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory. -
Industrial Revolution: Slavery
Slavery in southern societies was on a a downfall after the economy was falling out, however the cotton gin changed all of that. After the cotton gin was born, many wanted more, which led to more labor which inevitably led to more slaves. The more crops the more clothes, southern life was a mix. The slave had a Master, Mentor and also had to complete domestic chores that were included. -
Cultural Changes: Revivalism
The revivalism stage was when people were attempting to revive religion. The market revolution was bad and they looked to religion for hope. They believed in free will and worked toward direct preaching. During this time news print was quick and they used it to copy, print, and share the bible to all. -
Industrial Revolution: Free-Black Communities
Black Communities in the North and Midwest were the largest. Segregation was active in the North and as it turns out racism was actually lager in the North than the South, Many Northerners thought they were above the Blacks. Many Blacks dealt with discrimination and prejudice daily. To add on to the hardships, many Blacks had to compete for jobs with immigrants, hostilities ended up rising along with additional prejudices. -
Industrial Revolution: Yeoman Farmers
Yeoman farmers were a communal effort and many did not own slaves, up to 75% did not. Some relied on planters, who also didn't own many slaves, and others resented planters. Yeoman's formed southern militias and caught runaway slaves, they also made sure and guarded slave rebellions. -
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Cultural Changes
This was a major change in life, it changed not only the influence on life but also on community behavior from when it started to when it ended. This era can also be known as the reconstruction of culture in society. -
Cultural Changes: Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening originally began in 1800 but later took off in 1820, which was 100 years after the first one. The awakening emphasized religious romanticism and revolved around emotional and the supernatural. It rejected secularism and deism but was morality taken over by economics and politics. -
Cultural Changes: Mormons
Mormons were founded by Joseph Smith and believed in Jesus Christ and latter day saints. Smith came up one day and claimed he had found golden tablets in 1823 written in a language that only he could understand. As unbelievable as it was, many believed and joined him as Mormons. The Mormons were mainly made of farmers, traders, and many others who didn't do well in the economy. -
Cultural Changes: Prisons
when prisons opened up they were to isolate criminals to think about what they did and change for the better. The prisoners were housed at night time and they worked all through the day, they were constantly watched as well. One main thing to point out is how they not only held regular prisoners but also the mentally ill, many died. Soon after discovering that it was a bad idea, mentally ill prisoners would get their separate asylums. -
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Age of Jackson
The Jacksonian Era, or known as the Second Party System, involves historians and political scientist, going through all the issues until slavery became the main issue after his presidency. -
Jacksonian America: Spoils System
Shortly after Jackson was elected, he did what we call the "Spoil System." The system was when Jackson appointed people to office based on his relationship with that person. Despite the fact if the were qualified or not, if they were a close friend, relative or even supporter he would appoint them to a job in office. He did this as an award to working toward victory. -
Industrial Revolution: Religion
Religion in the south was harsh, many slaves were forced to convert in 1830's. Southerners believed Protestantism served all their spiritual needs. Hush (Brush) harbors were then created for balcks to praise their own beliefs in quiet, and Ring Shouts were chanted in these Black "Churches." -
Cultural Changes: Abolishionist
Abolitionist were a group of people who believed slavery should be put to an end and would gradually send them to Africa to a place called Liberia where slavery did not exist. This obviously angered Blacks due to the fact that most of them weren't born in Africa and have no idea where or how far that is. -
Industrial Revolution: Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner was an enslaved African American who was also a preacher. Turner was viewed as a hero after leading a rebellion of slaves and free blacks at Southampton County, Virginia. Sadly the rebellion failed but it remained as the largest up rising in slavery. Which led to other effective resistances. -
Jacksonian America: Election of 1832 / Bank of U.S
As it turned out Jackson hated the Bank of U.S, he claimed it only benefited the rich. His runner up Clay decided that he would use it against Jackson in means to win the election. Nicholas Biddle, who was president of the U.S Bank, was petitioned by congress and had a early renewal of charter by 4 years. Clay hoped that Jackson would veto it, which he does, and brings up the issues into the election. -
Jacksonian America: Bank Veto Speech
In result of vetoing the Bank of U.S, Jackson explains in this speech of why he did so. He said he had laid out a vision for the american democracy, during his great speech even opponents followed Jackson. After this he appealed to common man and stated that courts were not authority on constitution. After this, he wins the election by a land slide, completely destroying Clay. -
Jacksonian America: Whig Party
After the war on the Bank of the U.S, the former Whig Party was given a new name, the "Anti-Elilst." Whigs were an american political party that believed in protective tariffs, federal aid, and of course, national banking in the 1830's. -
Jacksonian America: Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears was a result of Jackson finding gold on Indian land and wanting it for his own. Shortly after he demanded the Indians leave to land in Oklahoma for relocation. The walk itself was 2,200 miles long. The reason behind the name came from the tears shed when walking, many died from cold, hunger, and weariness.Men, women and children died as they left the land they knew. The walk together took about 2 months. -
Jacksonian America: Election of 1836
In the election of 1836 Marlin Van Buren, who was also know as "Old Kinderhook 'OK,'" had barely won the election by a hair to the Whigs. However after winning he had inherited the bad economy that Jackson left behind. In the end, all the bad that went on before was placed in the hands of Old Kinderhook, which then led to the time of the Panic of 1837, also known as "Martin Van Ruin" -
Westward Expansion: Manifest Destiny
in the Manifest Destiny fur trade grew and not only that, american domination over westward territories came. Profits on beaver pellets but eventually will begin to decline due to beaver hunted almost to extinction. Due to this incident, style changed and beaver trappers disappeared by 1840. Trappers and military expeditions had brought back information of the western lands. The Manifest Destiny was to be a continental nation from Jacksonian democracy to a white future in the west. -
Westward Expansion: Great Migration
During the great migration many moved to Oregon to live a life with more opportunities. The trail of which people walked was up to 200 miles long and took roughly 5 to 6 months to complete. Many wished the could farm with freedom and live freely. -
Jacksonian America: Election of 1840
The election of 1840 was an election of democrats against Whigs. Van Buren ended up running for re-election against General William Henry Harrison who was a Whig. This elections was a nasty one, Whigs had spread rumors everywhere stating that Van Buren was a sexual pervert and womanizer. Whigs also convince wives to manipulate their husbands into voting against Van Buren. Harrison wins by a landslide but dies 1 month later, the presidency is then given to John Tyler, the vice President. -
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Westward Expansion
In this era Thomas Jefferson believed in the westward expansion which helped him get that by buying Louisiana for a cheap and doubled the size of america. By the end 7 million american migrated west. -
Westward Expansion: Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was intended to ban slavery in territory acquired from mexico. This created a political firestorm and was defeated in congress. After this Democrats and Whigs split into groups, one of pro-slavery and the other free-soil factors. -
Cultural Changes: Creations of Parks
During the nature and architecture time parks were created.Parks were meant as a small "safe-haven" like place, where people could get away from the economy and politics to enjoy a nice stroll and sit in the grass. Many used it as a getaway from the fast pace of life to be cam and have relief of their everyday struggles. -
Westward Expansion: Mormon Migration
The Mormon Migration was also known as the Mormon Plight. Mormons were victims and have many different communities in the mid-west. Joseph Smith one day was killed by an angry mob and led to Brigham Young wanting to leave and get away. Shortly after Mormons were forced to leave and relocate to Salt Lake Valley, Utah by the federal government because of their beliefs. After this the Mormons began practicing polygamy, which was the ability to have many wives at once, this pleased them very much. -
Cultural Changes: Seneca Falls Convention
An organization of women in 1848 New York. The leaders of these ladies was named Elizabeth Cady and lucretia Mott. However it was not just women in the organization although it start as such, it ended up having up to 300 men and women all together. Later the Declaration of Sentiments and resolutions was made, which secured rights in economics and voting which the media was most definitely negative of. All of this eventually led to the convention of Cornerstone. -
Westward Expansion: Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo was the treaty to settle border disputes. After this treaty over half of mexico territory was was seized. Conflicts with slavery added up due to the territory seize because the more land the more slaves, this was a major conflict after the treaty. -
Westward Expansion: Election of 1848
Zachary Taylor ran for election in 1848, and was seen as a two-faced Whig. Without the other Whigs finding out, he kept quiet about the slaves of which he had owned. Taylor claimed he was part of neither parties, he stated he was standing on a middle ground. No one really knew what his views were, however he campaigned in the south pro-slavery and in the north anti-slavery. -
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Sectionalism
As the United States moved closer to war the country divided more and more which started sectionalism and was a major problem. The nation was no longer a whole and loyalty began to struggle. -
Sectionalism: Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay's compromise separated into 5 bills. California entered as a free slave state but New Mexico and Utah will decide on it with popular vote. Texas relinquishes deputed with western lands. Federal government ended up taking care of Texas' debt problems and Slave trade in Washington DC due to the blockade by the British. -
Sectionalism: Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 required the return of runaway slaves that fled to the north for protection. Originally the North were un-bothered by anything the south did until the act passed. The north was now being affected by this which angered them since it was now messing with their land. Fugitives had no right to trail and whites would go to jail if caught assisting slaves. -
Westward Expansion: Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty was a way for states to decided whether they were a free state or a slave state, it was so that they could choose their own path to live from. It was also to decided whether slavery was based on a state or its territory. -
Sectionalism: Underground Railroad
Although it was called the "Underground railroad" it wasn't underground or a railroad at all, it was called that as some form of "code name." Abolitionist helped sneak slaves out and away from the south and hid them in safe houses. The most famous was a woman named Harriet Tubman, she herself alone completed 19 trips down this trail to help escape slaves, she helped up to 100,000 slaves between 1830-1860. -
Sectionalism: Personal Liberty Laws
The Personal Liberty Law ended up polarizing the country even more than it already was. The neutral states were forced to choose and pick a side, this affected many free slave communities. During this time was when the "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was written where it basically trash talked about the south and the south responded with another book named "Aunt Phyllis' Cabin" which talked about how slaves were "happy" to be where they were. -
Sectionalism: California Gold Rush
During the California Gold Rush thousands migrated to find gold. in 1849 up to 14,000 arrived and had over 100,000 by the end of the year, later in 1852, 200,000 were searching for gold. Gold was easy to find until surfacing gold was hard, then many began to mine for it in 1852 and was supported by many industries as well. By 1854, up to 45,000 Chinese immigrants arrived and worked in the harshest mines and dealt with nitroglycerin along with racism. -
Sectionalism: Election of 1852
During the election of 1852 Franklin Pierce ran and won the election, beating Winfield Scott who was a Whig. At this moment the Whig party began breaking apart. At this point the north and south had different viewpoints, the south blocked the north from expansion due to the potential outlaw of slavery, ad the north blocked the south from expansion due to slavery. -
Sectionalism: Kansas-Nebraska Act
Southerners were afraid of these two states being free, and wanted to abolish the Missouri Compromise. The south also wanted continental railroad to run through the south and not just the north, mainly because the north was completely developed and the south was jealous of what they didn't have. In the end, Kansas and Nebraska decided on their own whether they were free or slave states. -
The Civil War: North Advantages
North had many advantages when getting ready for the civil war. They had a population of 22 million, industrialization of over 110,000 factories, and 1.5 billion dollar industry. The also had 97% of weapons manufacturing along with 94% of clothing manufacturing and 90% of shoe manufacturing. They had railroads that had 22,000 miles of track and believed they were fighting for the constitution, Union. -
The Civil War: South Advantages
The south had the bad side when it came to advantages, the had only a population of 5.5 million including 3.5 million slaves. They had only 1,800 factories and 155 million dollars in industry along with only 3% of weapons manufacturing. They had railroads that maxed out after 9,000 miles of track, however they had the baddest military leaders. -
The Civil War: The Battle of Bull Run
The battle of Bull Run in 1861 Virginia was the first major battle in the Civil War. Over 30,000 troops, that were the army of Potomac, marched to the south in attempt to take from the confederates. The union ended up being humiliated and defeated by the confederates and union troops retreated to DC. -
The Civil War: Trent Affair
Confederates sent diplomats to Europe and USS San Jacinto intercepts RMS Trent, which inevitably angered the south. After this the British demanded an apology. Lincoln then released confederate diplomats when he sensed a war coming, by doing this he secured the British and French neutrality. -
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Civil War
The Civil War was a deadly war that was fought in the U.S. The war was a result of the disagreements between the north and the south on whether slavery should exist or be abolished. The southern Confederates who were pro-slavery and the north Union which was against slavery. -
The Civil War: Cotton Embargo
The south attempted to pressure the french and Britain industries to petition their government in 1862. -
Reconstruction: Wade-Davis Bill
The Wade-Davis Bill was the second plan for the south where the confederate leader was punished and where slave societies were to be all destroyed. They wanted an oath saying that they never helped to confederates and officers were stripped of their citizenship. States were also readmitted after long punishment and clear commitment to the Union. -
The Civil War: Grant's Western Campaign
The Western campaign was led by Ulysses S. Grant who seized strongholds and railroads. He gave the union control over most of Tennessee and Kentucky. Grant then captured city of New Orleans along with the Mississippi River after the "Battle of Vicksburg." New Orleans was the largest city and finance to the south and angered the south extremely after losing it. -
The Civil War: Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam was a Quasi Union victory, however McClellan did not defeat the Army of North Virginia. After this victory battle Lincoln gave his famous "Emancipation Proclamation" Speech. -
Reconstruction: Lincoln's 10% Plan
Lincoln's 10% Plan was also known as the Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan of 1863. It pardoned all southerners except for officers and officials who were forced to take an oath claiming their loyalty to the Union. Applied for federal recognition and to form new state government. -
Reconstruction: Freedmen's Movement
After slavery was gone, slaves entered the Freedmen's Bureau for a new start, but many wanted to explore. Many left and began wondering where they were never allowed to wonder, and after that began to look for loved who were traded off or lost. -
Reconstruction: Freedmen's Bureau
The Freedmen's Bureau was a relief agency for the war-torn south. It offered food, education, and land confiscated and rented to former slaves along with emergency services for them. It was intended to give them a good start into the new life, a institution for reconstruction. -
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Reconstruction
After the Union victory from the Civil War up to 4 million slave were freed and reconstruction began. To rebuild to south in the what we call Reconstruction period. -
Reconstruction: 40 Acres and a Mule
40 acres and a mule refereed to land that was rented to former slaves along with a single mule to help them out. This was passed by General William Tecumseh Sherman on January 16th in 1865. -
Reconstruction: Black Codes
In the U.S the Black Codes were laws that were passed stating that employment was required and violators were faced with vagrancy. Also where Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white person around. These laws were passed by the southern democratic states. -
Reconstruction: Freedom Amendments
The 13th amendment stated the end to slavery within the United States or any place in their grasp. The 14th amendment claimed that no one could not deprive any person of life, liberty or property without the process of the law. The 15th amendment being the right of citizens of the U.S cannot be forced to not vote if chosen because of race, or color.
