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Apprenticeships
Poor took apprenticeships for 3-10 years to learn neccesary skills. -
Puritan founding of schools
-towns of 50 or more had to hire a teacher for reading -
Colonical Education
- Primary upper class children -learned reading, writing, simple math, poems, and prayers -paper and textbooks rare, so had to recite lessons until they were memorized -whites only
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Period: to
Colonical Education
-Primarily upper class children
-white only
-boys learned more advanced, as girls learned only enough to read and write, but then learned to be a mistress on a plantation. -
Teachers of the times
-Many parents taught to read and write at home with Bible and Hornbook.
- Hornbook: wooden board with a handle, lesson sheet is attached and protected by a thin layer of cow's horn. -
Period: to
Early National Education
Creating of Grammar Schools and Academies -
English Grammar Schools
-Due to the growth of the middle class businesses in the 1700s, it made it neccesary for secondary education.
-More than elementary education, but not going to college.
- 1st Institutions to accept female students
-Girls received a better education in Middle colonies because more schools were in the Middle colonies. -
Literacy Rates
-Literacy rates were the highest in New England Colonies at about 75% for males, and 65% for females.
- Lower literacy rates in the Middle and Southern colonies. -
Academies
-Combined Latin and English Gramar Schools with English as the primary language
-Girls allowed to attend
-Private school
-Later became most popular type of school -
Williamsburg, Pennsylvania
-Few schools existed in the area, which was rather populated compared to other colonial areas. -
Northwest Ordinance
Established Townships for Education -
Period: to
19th Century Education aka "Common School Period"
Progressive Era -
Horace Mann and Henry Barnard
-Mann from Massachusetts
-Barnard from Connecticut
-Helped create statewide common-school systems
-Argued: education preserve social stability and prevent crime and poverty -
Public Schools
Financed by public funds, therefore, everyone could go.
-Public Schools accountable to local school boards and state government
-Complusory school attendance laws for elementary age kids -
Public High Schools
-Developed in the early 1800s as a public alternative to private academies.
-Practical curriculum with college prep classes. -
1st Organized System
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Period: to
20th Century Education
-Inclusivism
-Education for all -
Junior High
-Began in California
-Grades 7-9 to prepare for high school -
Kindergarten
-Most Kindergartens were in public schools
-State controlled schools
-Attendance was mandatory
Education was universal -
Southern States
-34% U.S. population, but received only 3% education funding
-Segregation by law
-Segregation defined by society
-1900-1996 % that graduated High School went from 6% to 85% -
State Control of Schools
All laws in all states, states controlled public schools, and all elemenrary age kids had to attend school. -
School Bus
-Combined over 117,000 School Districts to 15,000 in 40 years
-1st school buses, horse-drawn
- Modern school buses in 1950s -
Middle School
-Grades 6-8
-Meet needs of preadolescents
