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1500
Fall of Constantinople
This Byzantine city fell to the Ottoman. It is a turning point because it was later on made the capital of the Ottoman Empire (present-day Istanbul which used to be the capital of Turkey). -
1502
Beginning of the Safavid Empire
The beginning of this empire is important it was a long time foe of the Ottoman Empire, which was very big. It is also one of the few empires that included people that spoek different languages and had many non-muslims. -
1502
Ismail Proclaims himself Shah of Iran
After he proclaimed himself he made all of the Safavid Empire SHi'ite Islam. -
1505
Ivan III and Russia's Political stand
Ivan III (reign 1462 - 1505) established authority as the tsar. This is important because he led Russia to become a major political center. Today, Russia is still a very large political power. -
Period: 1516 to 1517
Selim I conquers Egypt and Syria
The title pretty much explains it all. This event is Syria and Egypt being taken over by the Ottoman Empire -
1520
Rule of Suleiman the Magnificent
The rule of Suleiman was important because he expanded the Ottoman Empire to the Balkans and to the Mediterranean, which gave them more access to trade. -
Period: 1520 to 1566
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
This was considered the peak of the Ottoman Empire -
1526
Babur defeats the last Sultan of Delhi
The title says it all. This is historically important because it is the end of the sultans of Delhi -
1529
First Ottoman Siege of Vienna
With the aim of controlling all of Hungary, Suleiman attacked Vienna, -
Period: 1532 to 1572
Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire
This was one the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. -
Period: 1536 to
British Settle America
The British colonized early America, this would set the stage for other cool stuff. Go America! -
1543
Portuguese on Japan
in 1543, Portuguese sailors land on Tanegashima (island) in a Chinese boat. This marks the first time Europeans go to Japan. Japan begins importing from the port of Nagasaki things and customs such as baking bread, frying foods, using muskets, eyeglasses, and clocks, and wearing pants. This is very important because now Japan has firearms and can invade places such as China and Korea (which it will) and it invites new clothes and foods into Japanese culture. -
1547
Ivan IV adopts title of Tsar
Ivan IV went from Grand Prince of Moscow to Tsar -- a title used by all his anscestors -
1549
Japan, Christianity, and Art
Francis Xavier (1506–1552), a Jesuit priest, lands in Kagoshima, Japan. He introduced Christianity to the Japanese and some daimyos ("powerful Japanese feudal lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings") converted. Western art styles from drawing of Abrahamic beliefs (such as Jesus Christ and angels) introduced a new art style (the use of oil paint) to Japan which would evolve the art and styles of Japanese paintings. -
Period: 1556 to 1560
Bariam Khan of the Mughal Empire
Bairam Khan was an aggressive general who was very determined to restore Mughal authority in India and helped Akbar I secure it. Without him, India would not be able to be taken for that time because he worked close with Akbar I since he was Khan was Akbar's guardian, chief mentor, adviser, teacher, and most trusted ally. This is important because it helped lead (practically entirely) India to be larger (as it is today) to last with the amount of people it has in its state. -
Period: Nov 2, 1556 to
Akbar Rules in Agra
This is considered the peak of the Mughal Empire. He gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. To unify the Mughal state, Akbar established a centralized system of administration throughout his empire and made a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. To keep peace and order, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. -
Period: 1565 to 1572
Oprichnina
Secret police implemented by Tsar Ivan the Terrible due to his paranoia that aristocrats were going to betray him. These secret police caused social and economic pressures which led to their disbandment -
1571
Ottoman Naval Defeat at Lepanto
The Ottoman naval fleet was defeated by the Venetians and Spanish in 1571 -
Period: 1578 to
Ottoman-Safavid War
The loses that the Safavids suffered on the battlefield caused several internal power struggles leading to the assassination of many people of the court. -
1582
Russians conquer Khanate of Sibir
This is a historically significant Russian accomplishment -
Isfahan Becomes Capital of Iran
Isfahan became the capital of Iran in 1587. Today, It is still a central city in Iran, just not the capital. Today's capital is Tehran, but Isfahan is still a major historical site for Iran. -
Toyotomi Hideyoshi - Tea ceremony
In 1587, Toyotomi Hideyoshi hosts a 10-day tea ceremony. People from all social classes were welcome to come to his tea festival which included many dramas, musicals, concerts, and danses. He used this ceremony to display his grand wealth which would increase the people's faith in their leader. This is important because people idolized him which had led people to follow in his footsteps (such as the ones where he is anti-Christian and many become anti-Christian as well). -
Toyotomi Hideyoshi expels Christianity
Soon after Oda Nobunaga is assassinated during a battle, Toyotomi Hideyoshi takes the throne and names Japan the "land of the kami" ('kami' is any deity in Shinto), so he expels Christianity from Japan by ordering the Jesuits to leave. Even though some of the Christians did not obey, or his edict was not enforced, the anti-Christian mindset grew. This has an enormous impact on Japan's religious compound today; only 0.7% of Japanese are Christians while the majority are Shintoists. -
Period: to
Reign of Shah Abbas the Great
This was considered the peak of the Safavid Empire. He transfers his capital to Isfahan, in southern Iran, where he builds a new city alongside the old one. -
Period: to
Iran - Carpet Production and the Silk Trade
Shah Abbas’s decision to put carpet production and the silk trade under state control, and to refurbish trade routes, strengthens their economy and attracts foreign traders. This is what begins to bring foreigners and tourists to the land which will increase the Iranian population as well. -
Treaty of Constantinople
This treaty allowed the Ottoman Empire to keep most of the land they had conquered during the war, the Safavids would have to stop cursing the first three caliphs, and Persians would have to pay obeisance to religious leaders of the Sunni faith -
Period: to
Russo-Swedish War
Once the Treaty of Plussa expired in 1590 Muscovite troops laid siege to Narva -
Invasion of Korea
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a Japanese warlord, who had recently united the feuding domains of Japan, invaded Korea as his first step in attempting to conquer China. Then China aided Korea and won against Hideyoshi's forces. But as a result Korea was devastated by the war. -
Invasion of Japan
The Korean invasion on Japan brought many new technologies and ways of art to Japan. -
China Negotiation with Japan
The Chinese negotiated with the Japanese a peace treaty but it did not last very long. -
Birth of the Son of Suleiman
This is important because it signified that the Mughal Empire would have both Muslim and Hindu ancestry. -
Toyotomi Hideyoshi - 2nd Invasion of Korea - New Pottery !
Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered that many Koreans killed, cities destroyed, and many craftsmen from Korea were transported back to Japan. These craftsmen designed new pottery types: satsuma, hagi, and arita (Arita shown in the image). These ceramic and porcelain tea cups were often used. This is super important for all of East Asia (especially Japan) because it begins a new artistic style of pottery which is still very commonly used today (all around the world) because of its beauty and durability. -
End of the Rule of Muscovy
The end of this empire lead to Russia gaining more land because Prince Ivan expanded downward to were they were settled. -
Songhai Empire
This empire is important because it was a major part of the Trans-Saharan trade, they were located in Southern Sudan. -
Russian Empire
Russia in the 1600s, were poor, backwards and landlocked. This lead tot the expansion of Russia. -
Kabuki !
This year marks the first record of a Kabuki performance which is a form of theater involving music and dance and a lot of face paint. This is a traditional form of dance that still occurs today in Japan. It was originally performed by women until the audience found it "suggestive," so mature male actors replaced the young women in the theatre. This shows how women were more oppressed from the theatrical view in 1600s Japan. -
Assassination of Dmitriy I
Conservative boyars led by Vasili Shuisky stormed the Kremlin and shot Dmitriy I to death during his escape, leaving Russia with no Tsar -
Quebec is founded
The founding of any province is important historical event. The founding of Quebec in 1608 is no different. -
Period: to
Heo Gyun - A Korean writer and politician
Heo Gyun wrote the first vernacular book (of han'gul (the current Korean alphabet used to simply the chinese writing of "hanja") called Hong Gil'dong jeon (홍길동전). This novel exposed the social inequalities Korea was experiencing. This is extremely important because it marks the beginning of the korean writing system known as han'gul. Only elites could read and write hanja, so to enhance the knowledge for all people, han'gul made it much easier to learn and improve their economy. -
Tokugawa - Choson relationship
In 1609, the Tokugawa Shogunate begins their official diplomatic relationship with the Choson dynasty. This was only a little after the Japanese invasions of Korea by the previous Toyotomi Hideyoshi. This event is very important because it marks a time when Japan and Korea begin official relationships with each other to form political and economic trades. Political figures would travel from land to land for these important trades. -
Period: to
Polish-Russian War
A truce was established. The boyars promised to recognize Sigimund's son and heir as Tsar, conditional on severe limits to his power and his conversion to Orthodoxy -
Sweden in exchange for military
Vasili ceded border territory to Sweden in exchange for military aid against the government of Dmitriy II. -
End of Anatolian Revolts
The title explains it all. In 1610, the Anatolian Revolts stopped. -
Rise against the Poles
Hermogenes, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, urged the Muscovite people to rise against the Poles -
Vasili was overthrown
Vasili was overthrown, and was replaced by a group of nobles called, the Seven Boyars -
Ingrian War
Sweden invaded Muscovy. -
Period: to
Rule of Mikhail
Mikhail was the first Romanov Tsar -
Iran and Spain
Don García de Silva y Figueroa, the ambassador of Philip III of Spain, goes to Isfahan, the capital of Iran during that time. This begins a trade system between the Iranians and the Spanish where carpets and silk were commonly traded to Europe since that was Iran's main export. -
British East India Company and Iran
Abbas uses the ships of the British East India Company and expels the Portuguese from Hormuz to regain control of trade in the Persian Gulf. Then, the English sent a diplomatic embassy, headed by Sir Dodmore Cotton, to Shah Abbas. This increased interactions of Iran with Europe, especially with the United Kingdom. Today, there are still many interactions between Europe and the Middle East but predominantly oil. -
Smolensk War
With the expiration of the Truce of Deulino, a Muscovite army was sent to lay siege to Smolensk. -
Manchu and Choson
The Manchus who will overthrow the Ming had invaded the northern part of the Korean peninsula. They invaded because the Manchus did not like how the Choson people were pro-Ming and more anti-Manchu with their policies. In the end, Injo surrenders to the Qing and his two oldest sons are taken captive. This guarantees Choson as a Confucian state and be more unified with each other. This shows the it had a great impact on the Choson because the Korean philosophy had become more Confucian-focused. -
Shah Safi (Iran) loses Baghdad and Qandahar
Shah Safi (reign 1629-1642) lost Baghdad (in present-day Iraq) and Qandahar/Kandahar (in present-day Afghanistan). Today, these are no longer a part of Iran so 1637 was an important year because it shaped the size of surrounding countries as well as present-day Iran. -
Russian contact with Chinese
This was the first time that Russians had made contact with the Chinese, this happened because the Russians were expanding there land towards the Amur River Valley. -
Montreal is founded
Montreal is a big, quasi-important city and was founded in 1642. Good for you, Canada. -
Period: to
Safavid and Injustice
Shah Abbas II was highly susceptible to the influence of religious leaders. Him and his successors Sultan Suleiman and Sultan Husayn persecuted Jews, Christians, and nonconformist Muslims. These injustices led to the fall to the empire. These injustices, arguably, exist today in this area. These ideas probably survived the Safavid's decline within the minds of conservatives. -
Qing Dynasty
The Manchu (from Manchuria) overthrew the Ming and created the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). This is important because it became the last (making it the most memorable in today's world) imperial dynasty of China. They unified the many cultures of peoples in China and assured the boundaries for China. -
Period: to
Matsuo Basho's haiku
Matsuo Basho travelled by ship to the island of Honshu and kept a journal of his travels. He wrote the first known haiku, "concise and expressive seventeen-syllable poems", about his emotional reflections about the places he saw. This impacts Japanese writing, and even today many people enjoy writing haikus which are typically written about the beauty of nature. -
Salt Riot
Upset over the introduction of a salt tax, the townspeople launched a rebellion in Moscow. -
Subordination of Serfs
The subordination of serfs in Russia was complete. -
Period: to
Aurangzeb imposes conservative Islamic regime
This is historically significant because it is a new regime imposed in the Mughal Empire -
Copper Riot
a group of Muscovites marched to Kolomenskoye and demanded punishment for the government ministers who had debased Muscovy's copper currency. On their arrival, they were countered by the military; a thousand were hanged or drowned. The rest were exiled. -
Lubomirski's Rokosz
A Polish nobleman launched a rokosz, or a rebellion against the king. -
Abolishment of mestnichestvo
Feodor abolished the mestnichestvo, an ancient, un-meritocratic system of making political appointments. -
Taiwan added to Qing
In 1683, Taiwan was added to the Qing dynasty which was previously ruled by the pirate Zheng Chengqong (a.k.a. Koxinga, 1624–1662) and his male children where some Ming loyalists also went to escape the Qing. This is very important because it is added land to China (which is still Taiwan of China today) and it seems to be the place where Chinese citizens who disagree with the mainland government went to hide or be free. Today, this still occurs where Taiwan has a "separate" government. -
Crimean campaigns
The Muscovite army launched an invasion against an Ottoman vassal, the Crimean Khanate -
Princess Sophia Sent to a Monastery
Princess Sophia tried taking over Russia, but her brother Peter the Great sent her to a monastery. As a result Peter became tsar and expanded Russia. -
Rule of Peter the Great
The rule of Peter the Great was important because he introduced wewstern languages and technologies into Russia. -
Period: to
Rule of Peter the Great
Peter the Great was a great dude named Peter. He ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire. -
Little Ice Age begins
This was a turning point because the people had never had anything like this happen to them, it was something new. -
Great Northern Wars
This turning point is important because in this war Russia won. They won the land that connected them to Europe. Even know Russia is connected to Europe. This also made everyone see Russia as a threat. -
"Times of Trouble"
This era occurred in the 17th century, this marketed an ending point in the Muscovite, this was the start of the Romanov line, which was a turning point because that is when Russia really started growing. -
Forty-Seven Ronin
This exemplified the ideological and social crisis of Japan's transformation from a military to a civil society. -
Tullip Period
This is the time period when European styles and attitudes were beginning to be popular. It is important because nothing like that had never really happened before. -
Fall of the Mughal Empire
The Mughal fell after the death of Aurangzseb. -
St. Petersburg Becomes the Capital
This was a turning point because it is still an important place in Russia to this day. -
Saint Petersburg becomes Russia's Capital
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The Decree of 1716
This was important because this stated that "{Tsar} is not obligated to answer to anyone in the world for his doings, but possesses power and authority over his kingdom and land, to rule them at his will and pleasure as a Christian ruler." Even know Russia is still mostly made up of Orthodox Christians -
Period: to
Qing halt the Dzungar Mongol invasion of Tibet
By 1720, the Chinese have gained control of the Tibet area, which was going to be invaded by Dzungar Mongols, and input a new Dalai Lama loyal to that court. The Qing placed a protectorate over the country of Tibet which shows the Qing's interest in Tibet. After the Qing falls in 1911 and the new Chinese government invaded in 1950, showing the interest of China to take control of Tibet. -
Isfahan Falls
This is important because this lead to the fall of the Safavid Empire. The Afghans were they ones who captured it. -
Afghan invaders topple the last Safavid Shah
This signals the end of the Safavid Empire -
Janissary Revolt
The Janissary revolt begins a period of Ottoman conservatism. -
Period: to
Nadir Shah Temporarily Reunites Iran
Nadir Shah reunites Iran -- which was in a state of chaos. -
Iranians Under Nadir Shah sack Delhi
Nadir Shah invaded the Mughal Empire, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739 -
Overthrow of Anna Leopoldovna
Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of Peter the Great, led the Preobrazhensky to the Winter Palace to overthrow the regency of Anna Leopoldovna and install herself as empress -
Period: to
Agha Mohammad Khan(Shah)
Agha Mohammad Shah (1742-1797) was the founder of the Qajar dynasty that ruled Persia until 1924. He was assassinated in 1797, but he laid down foundations that were strong enough to survive his death. Agha Mohammad Khan chose Tehran as his capital. His main foreign foe was Catherine the Great of Russia because of the dispute about Georgia. Overall, his legacy continued because today, the capital of Iran is, in fact, Tehran. He was a misanthrope and strict leader, but he set good ways for Iran. -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It spanned and affected five continents. -
Diplomatic Revolution
Under the Second Treaty of Versailles, Russia joined the Franco-Austrian military alliance. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes. The development of new technology is always historically significant. -
Period: to
Catherine the Great
Catherine II ruled Russia 1762 until 1796. She is the country's longest-ruling female leader. She came to power after a coup d'état when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Because of her, Russia grew larger and stronger, and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe. This had a great impact on today because Russia is still considered a World power and she must have gave women in the country more hope since a female could be ruler (unlike their Muslim adversaires). -
Murder of Ivan VI
A group of soldiers attempted to release the Ivan VI, who was imprisoned and as a result he was murdered -
Period: to
Russo-Turkish War
The Ottoman sultan declared war on Russia -
First partition of Poland
The first partition of Poland was announced. Poland lost thirty percent of its territory, which was divided between Prussia, Austria, and Russia. -
Period: to
American Revolutionary War
This was the war where America declared it's freedom from Britain. Super significant, because it was a fight against injustice. As you know, the underdog always wins. -
Ruler Jeongjo of Korea
Jeongjo (reign 1776-1800) created the Kyujanggak library with the primary function of housing the writings of Choson kings while also holding other important books. This shows Korea's meticulousness in keeping records, and this shows their value of knowledge. This is important because it kept records from many previous rulers which would be used in the future to understand history and other events at the time. -
Yi Seung-hun - Korea and Christianity
Yi Seung-hun was baptized by a (western) Catholic priest on his trip to Beijing, China. This rapidly increases the number of people in Korea who converted to Christianity, even though is caused some issues with their original Confucian "faith." This is important because it marks the beginning of the "Christian boom" in the Korean Peninsula. Today, about 52% of Koreans believe in some form of Christianity which probably would not be so if it were not for Yi Seung-hun's baptism. -
Period: to
Russo-Turkish War
The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia and imprisoned the ambassador. -
Korea - Persecution of Catholics
In 1791 Korea, there was an increase in persecutions of Catholics (which boomed after 1784). This happened because of how the before-Catholic beliefs of Confucianism conflicted with some aspects of Catholicism. Confucianism (majority belief in Korea) values family and ancestry, and the Catholics in Korea (a minority) did not live up to the respect for their ancestors so they were persecuted for being "disrespectful." This is important because it shows the conflict of Confucian vs Christian. -
Russian Census
The census showed that the Russian community was made up of serfs (more than half of the population) and that landowners made up only 2 percent of the population. -
Persian Expedition of 1796
Catherine launched a military expedition to punish Persia for its incursion into the Russian protectorate of Kartl-Kakheti. -
End of taking Slaves from Africa
In 1806, it became illegal to steal slaves from Africa. It did not matter though because people still kept on taking slaves, they just sailed downward to stay away from the European Companies.
