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Dred Scott v Sandford
This was a case in the Supreme court regarding African American Dred Scott and his freedom. He argued that h and his wife were free due to their now residency in a free state. This case ruled that people of color were not considered US citizens and therefore cannot have any right to feel protected no matter where they are -
Jim Crow Era
The Jim Crow laws were laws that legalized and normalized dicrimination based on race. This led African Americans to continuing to not have their basic human rights and continuing being unequal. -
13th Amendment
In complete simple terms, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. This was ratified at the end of the civil war. President Lincoln remained adamant that slavery be abolished and all parts and aspects of the government passed this world-changing amendment. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was another that changed the lives of African Americans as they previously had been cut short of their freedom. This amendment gave citizenship to ALL people born in the United States. Along with the fact that it gave complete freedom to them too. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment was another pivotal step for African Americans and civil rights. This amendment granted African American men the right to vote. However, this was not the end all be all right now. African Americans especially in the south were threatened and had violent acts directed towards them. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson created what is known as the "separate but equal doctrine." This case became prominent when African American Homer Plessy wouldn't sit in the "black car" on a train. -
19th Amendment
This amendment granted women the right to vote. Women for a long time were thought of as objects and men were always set as superior. This was a milestone in history for women. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This happened 3 years after the passing of the 19th amendment. This was proposed to secure rights for women and regular equality for women. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case was another pivotal moment for civil rights. In this case, the supreme court ruled that racial segregation within public schools in America was unconstitutional. This led people to understand that the original "separate but equal doctrine" from the Plessy v. Ferguson case, was actually not equal. -
Affirmative v. Action
This was something to hopefully improve employment and educational opportunites for those apart of minority groups including women. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This prohibited all discrimination judging by race, skin color, gender, religion, or national origin. This created a new enviorment in all aspects of America for the advancement of black people. It helped with the reconstruction of America with help of president Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This was helped put into place again by president Lyndon B. Johnson. This put into place a real effect for African Americans to utilize their given right to vote. This was again originally organized by the 15th amendment and put in place there but this reiterated it. -
Reed v. Reed
This case regards a married but separated couple who were in dispute over who would be the administrator of their son's estate after his suicide. The state of Idaho's code said that "males must be preferred to females." Wife and mother Sally argued that this discriminated her 14th amendment right. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Bakke was a white guy who applied to the University of California but was rejected even though he had well above average scores. They claimed his rejection was due to 16 spots being for different minorities other than caucasians. Bakke argued that this was a violation of the civil rights act of 1964. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
This case was with respect mostly to the homosexual group but along with all people. It had to do with sexual relations and consenting adults. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed to stop discrimination of those with disabilities. This took into effect -
Motor Voter Act
This act required all state governments to make voter registration processes easier. They did this by providing multiple registration sources for people. -
Lawrence v. Texas
This case ruled that all laws forbidding consensual and private homosexual relations are unconstitutional. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
This case was pivotal as it granted all same-sex couples the right to marry. This was claimed due to the equal protection clause along with the 14th amendment of the constitution.
