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Period: 100 to
The Mississippian Period
The Mississippian period was in the midwestern and southeastern USA. All the people in this period were horticulturalists. This means that they grew most of their food in small gardens. They used simple tools such as stone axes, digging sticks, and fire. Corn, beans, squash, sunflowers, goosefeet, sumpweed,and other plants were grown there. -
Jan 1, 1000
Paleo Time Period
This time period waas 12,000 years ago. The Paleo time period took place twards the end of the "Ice Age." It was also in the Late Pleistocene epoch. The Paleo time period was around the time humans first arrived. -
Jan 1, 1000
The Archaic Time Period
This time period is from 8000 BC - 1000 BC. The Archaic time period was known as the "Archaic Stage of Culture." This was also defined by the adoption of sedementary farming, and is " Signifcant across the Americas." -
Jan 1, 1000
The Woodland Time Period
This time period is from 1000 BC - 1000 AC. This period is the development of many trends that began in the Late Archaic tiem period. The trends include sedentariness, and social stratisfaction. It was devided into Early, Middle, and Late subperiods. -
Oct 27, 1496
Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto died on May 21, 1542. he diedin Desha County, Arkansas. His wifes name was Ines de Bobadilla. He was a spanish explorer and conquistador who participated in the conquests of Central America and Peru. He also discovered the mississippi River. -
Charter of 1732
King George from England signed a charter to establish a colony and to also create its governing board. The charter created a corrporate body called 'Trust.' It provided for an unspecified number of Trustees. Trustees were the people that were trusted to run the government in Georgia. -
Salzburgers Arrive
The Georgia Salzburgers were a group of German-speaking Protestant colonists. They founded the town of Ebenezer which is now known as Effingham County. The Salzburgers survived extreme hardships in Europe and Georgia because they wanted to establish a prosperous and culturally unique community. The group had support from King George Il of England and also the Trustees after they were kicked out of their home in the Catholic principality of Salzburg(Austria). -
Highland Scotts Arrived
A group of Highland Scotts sailed from Inverness on the Prince of Whales. They arrived at Savannah and, with Oglethorpes orders they began making plans for settling at the mouth of Altamaha. After traveling the inland waterway by boat they landed at Barnwell's Bluff on the site of King George. The Scotts established the settlement that is called Darien. -
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Henry Ellis
Henry Ellis was the second royal governor in Georgia. He is known as "Georgia's second founder." The first governor, John Reynalds, failed as the governor in Georgia. The Georgia colonists never did have a self-government with the Trustees. -
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John Reynolds
John Reynolds was a captian in the British Royal Navy. He served as Georgia's first royal governor from the late 1754-1757. Most of the colonists in Georgia welcomed the governor when he arrived. John Reynolds, since he was a navy officer, lacked the political skills and experiences necessary to the establishment of a model government. -
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James Wright
James Wright was the third royal governor in Georgia. He had a little interruption early in the American Revolution. Wright played an important in retarding the flame of the revolution in Georgia even after it had flared into flames in every other colony. -
Austin Dabney
Austin Dabney was a slave who moved to Georgia with his master in the 1760's. Dabney fought in the RevolutionarycWar and he became a private in the Georgia militia. He was the only black man to be given land by the state of Georgia, because of his bravery and service during the war. He was also one of the few people to recieve a federal military pension. -
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American Revolution
The American Revolution was known as the, "War of Independence." This war was in between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies. The beginning of the fighting took place on the North American continet. The conflict then grew into a world war with Britian fighting France and Spain fighting the Netherlands. -
Elijah Clarke/ Kettle Cr.
Elijah Clarke was one of the few Revolutionsry War heros from Georgia. He was born in 1742 in Anston County, North Carolina. He was on what was then known as the Northwestern frontier to Georgia. He joined the rebels in n1774 and as a milita captian he got a wound fighting the Cherokees. On February 14, 1779 he led a charge in the rebels victory at Kettle Creek, Georgia. -
University of Georgia Founded
The University of Georgia is commonly known as UGA. It's on American public land-grant and sea grant reasearch university. UGA is the oldest, largest, and educational insutution in Georgia. -
constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, Pennysylvania. It was there to address problems in governing the United States. The Constitutional Convention was also known as the Philadelphia Convention. The United States had been operating under, The Articales of Confederation, following Independence independence from Great Britian. -
Georgia Founded
Georgia was founded in 1788 by a Spanish explorer named James Oglethorpe. He was given a charter from King George ll to find and create a new colony that would later be called Georgia. It was founded for two main purposes: a place where prisoners could start a new life and also as a barrier against Spanish expansion from Florida. -
Georgia Ratifies Constitution
Georgia was the fourth state to have the ratification of the Constitution. Georgia attempted a constitution government in April 1776 by the Georgia Trustees. Soon after Georgia accepted the Declaration of Independence the first state constitutional convention was brought together. The constitution was accepted in February 1777, and stayed in affect for twelve years. -
Eli Whitney And The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney was an American inventor; known for inventing the cotton gin. This is one of the important inventions of the industrial revolution, and also shaped tht economy of the south. His invention made short staple cotton a very profitable crop, and this strangthened the want for slavery. -
Yazoo Land Fraud
Yazoo Land Fraud was one of the significant events in the Post Revolutionary War. Yazoo sale helped to shape Georgia's politics and to strain relations with the federal government for a generation. After the Revolutionary War Georgia was to weak to defend its vast western land also called, " Yazoo Land." -
Capital Moved To Louisville
Louisville served as Georgia's third capital from 1796- 1807. Louisville was also the county seat of Jefferson County. The town grew in both large- seal immigration to the Georgia upcountyafter the American Revolution. -
Missouri Compromise
After months of long bitter debate, Congress finally passed the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri compromise is a bill that resolves the first political clash between slavery and antislavery. Although it caused some debate it finally succeeded in keeping the union together for thirty years. -
Dahlonega Gold Rush
There are several stories that go along with the Gold Rush. One story says that John Witheroods found a three ounce nugget in Dukes Creek in Habersham County. Another story says that Jesse Hogan found gold at Words Creek near Dahlonega. The final one states that a yougn man named Benjamin Parks picked up an unusual looking stone while looking for deer; west of Chestatee River. -
Worecester vs. Georgia
The Supreme Court case called Worecester vs. Georgia held during the 1830's stated that the Cherokee indians constitued a nation landing distinct soverign powers. It didn't protect them from being moved from their ansestrial homeland in the southeast. -
Henry McNeal Turner
Henry McNeal Turner was a minister, politition, and was also the first southern bishop of the African Methodist Church. He was a pioneer in Georgia in organizing new congregations of the independent black denomination after the Civil War. -
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Trail of Tears
In the early 1830's over 125,000 indians lived across millions of acres of landin Georgia, Nirth Carolina, florida, and Tenessee. This is the land that their ancestors have lived on and occupied for generations. but by the end of the decade very few indians remained on the southeastern land of the United States. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 consitied of five laws that dealt with slavery. Senator Henry Clay proposed a series of resolutions on January 29, 1850. His purpose in doing so was to seek a compromise to stop a crisis between the North and the South. -
Georgia Platform
The Georgia Platform was brought together by a man named Charles J. Jenkins. The compromise was adopted on December 10, 1850 at Milledgeville Georgia. The Georgia Platform was to decside what route to take after the Compromise of 1850. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Kansas- Nebraska Act may have been the most significant event leading up to the Civil War. Before Nebraska was organized as a territory settlers couldn't move into the land because they couldn't hold a legal claim on the land. The congress took their time making the land a territory because the land layed north of the 36-30 parallel; which was where slavery haf been outlawed by the Missouri Compromise of 1850. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was born on April5, 1856. He became one of the most influential African-American intellectuals of the late 18th century. Booker founded the Tuskegee Institute. It was a black school in Alabama made for training teahers. -
Dread Scott Case
Dred Scott was a slave that lived in a free state before moving to Missouri. The Dred Scott vs. Sanford case was brought to the Supreme Court by Dred Scott. The Dred Scott case stated that no black person could claim U.S citizenship. Because of this claim their was a war three years later. -
Alonzo Herndon
Alonzo was an African barber and entrepreneur. He was the founder and president of the "Atlanta Life Insurance Company." It was one of the most successful black-owned insurance buisnesses in the nation. -
Election of 1860
The Election of 1860 was a U.S Presidential election. It was the 19th quardrenial election. The election caused divisions over the future course of the country. Especially over the south slavery. -
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Union Blockade of Gerogia
During the Civil War, Union forces tried to blockade the southern states. This meant that they tried to preveant goods, troops, and weapons from getting to the south. The union states thought they could cause the confederate states economy to collapse. -
Battle of Antietam
On Sep. 16, 1862, the army of Potamac launched a series of attacks on Robert E. Lee's forces. The vicious attacks went back and forth from Miller's cornfield and the West Woods. There were three major attacks that day by the command of George McClellen. -
Emencipation Proclomation
The Emencipation Proclomation was held in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. The speech was given by Abraham Lincoln announcing that all the people that are held as slaves are and henceforward free. Slavery was one of the major casues of the Civil War; which was what he was trying to end. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania was led by Unions and Confederates during the Civil War. This battle was fought by Robert E. Lee and his forcesof the south. Also there were the Union soldiers of the north; which were led by George G. Meades -
Battle of Chickamauga
This battle marked the end of a Union offensive in southern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. This was also known as the Chickamauga Campaign. The combatants fighting against each other were the Union forces of the north, and the Confederate soldiers of the south. -
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Andersonville Prison Camp
Andersonville Prison Camp was a confederate prison of war camp. These prisoners had to deal with guards, disease, starvation, and exposure. Their was a group of prisoners that called themselves the "Andersonville Raiders." They would attack their fellow prisoners to steal their food, jewelery, money, and clothing. The prisoners were so poorly treated that they would say, and I quote, "Could this be hell?" and, "God protect us!" -
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Sherman's Atlanta Campaign
The Sherman's Atlanta Campaignbegan in early May of 1864. It took place in north Georgia during the Civil War. By 1864 most of the southern soldiers had already given up hope of winning the war. General Robert E. Lee made a new strategy called, " win-by-notlosing" strategy. -
Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment was enforced to the United States Constitution to abolish slavery and involuntary servitude. while the amendment abolished slavery throughout the U.S.A, people, also know as Black Codes would force blacks into involuntary labor. -
Freddman's Bureau
The Freedman's bills provided legislative authorization for the Freedman's bureau. It was set up by president Abraham Lincoln as apart of the U.S army. It was passed in order to aid former slaves, slaves with food and housing, oversight, education, health care, and employment contracts with private landowners. -
WEB Dubois
William Edward Burgnard Dubois was an American socialist. He was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Dubois was known as the best spokesperson for African-American rights during the first half of the 20th century. -
Fourteenth Amendment
The fourteenth Amendment was also known as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It addresses itizenship rights and equal protection of the law. It was also proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the Civil War. -
The Ku Klux Clan
The Ku Klux Clan is the name of three distinct past movements of the United States. This includes white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti- immigration. It was expressed through terrorism. Aimed at indivuals which whom they opposed. The first organization saught to overthrow the Republican stae governments in the south during the Reconstruction Era. -
Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits federal and state governments from denying a citizen rights to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It was the third and final one of the Reconstruction Amendments. In the final years of the Civil War there was a time known as the Recosntruction Era. This is where congress kept debating over rights of colored people. -
International Cotton Exposition
The International Cotton Exposition was a world fair held in Atlanta Georgia. It was located along the Western and Atlantic Railroad tracts; near the King Plow Arts Center development. Fairs and expositions were important ways for cities to attract visitors and investers in the late nineteenth century. -
Carl Vinson
Carl Vinson was know as the, "Father of the two-ocean Navy." He served twenty-five consecutive terms in the U.S House of Representatives and retired in January 1965. Vinson served in the U.S Congress longer then anyone in history. -
Eugene Talmadge
Eugene Talmadge plays a very big role in the states politics from 1926 to 1946. He was a very controversial and colorful politician. -
Benjamin Mays
Bejamin Mays was probably best known for serving longtime as the president of Morehouse College in Atlanta. Mays was a distinguished African American Minister, educator, scholar, and social activist. -
Plessy Vs. Furgeson
The PLessy vs. Furgeson case was held at the U.S Supreme Court on April 18,1896 and ended exactly a year later. The cae was brought up becasue Plessy attempted to sit in an all- white section on the railroad car. After he refused to go back and st in the all- black section he was arrested for vilolating the Louisiana 1890 Segregation law. -
Richard Russell
Ricahrd Russell served in public office for fifty years as a state legislator and governor of Georgia. Russell favored his role as advacate for the small farmer and for soil and water consevation. -
1906 Atlanta Riot
The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot was a mass civil disturbance in Atlanta. During the riot white mobs killed dozens of blacks. Because of this white females were assaulted by black males, and they made the females the catalyst of the riot. -
John and Lugeina Hope
Johm Hope was born to a white father and a black mother. He was also an important leader in the Civil rights Movement. He was born in Augusta Georgia in 1868. John went and taught at Roger Williams University and became the schools first black presedint. Lugenia was born in St. Louis Missouri in 1871 and was the youngest of seven children. She is known as one of the most effective social reformers in the south. Lugenia brought change and planted seeds that bore fruit in the Civil Rights Movement -
Leo Frank Case
Leo Frank was a man who worked at a pencil factory in Atlanta. The day after April 26 a girl was found brutally murdered. He was found guilty for the murder of Mary Phagan. On April 17, 1915 he was hung on an oak tree. -
Herman Talmadge
Herman Talmadge was the son of Eugene Talmadge. Talmadge was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1956. He served as a governor in Georgia for a brief time in 1947 and again also in 1947-1954. Talmadge served as Senator till his defeat in 1980. -
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World War 1
World War 1 had many nicknames; such as: First World War, or the Great War. It was globale war that was centered in Europe. World War1 started Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Basnia. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Maddox grew up in poverty. During World War II Maddox worked in warline industries. In the 1960's Lester Maddox became the governor. -
County Unit System
The Couny Unit system was established in 1917. this happened when the Georgia Legislature was dominated by the Democratic Party. The Neil Primary Act formalized an informal system, and was also instituded by Georgia. The County Unit System was continually used in Democratic Primaries for staewide office and also selected United States house districts. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King was a Black Baptist minister and socail activist who played a big role in the Civil Rights Movement. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968. He is who the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the well known March on Washington where he spoke to thousands of whites and blacks that segregstion should be unconstituitonal. -
Andrew Young
Andrew Young is a politician, social activist, and businessman. Andrew Young was born during the Great Depression and the Jim Crow Laws. His mother was a school teacher and his father was a dentist. Young hasa great measure of responsibility for the development of Atlanta's reputation as an international city. -
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Holocaust
The Holocaust was a mass murder of 6 million Jews, by German Nazis during the second World War. the leader of this Nazi froup was Adolf Hitler. Hitlers, "Final solution," was the Holocaust. This was a mass number of conservation camps where they enslaved and killed millions of Jews. -
Civilian Conservation Corps
Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCC, was one of the first New Deal Programs. CCC was built to promote environmental conservation and build good citizens through disciplined outdoor work. -
Rural Electrification
By the 1930's only ten percent of rural dwellers had electricity; while 90 percent of urban dwellers did have electricity. private companies argued that it eould be to expensive to drage power-lines all the eay out there and that farmers were to poor to pay for it anyways. So the Roosevelt Administration believed that id the privat enterprizes couldn't supply them eith electricity it was the governments job to do so. -
Social Security
The Social Security Act was signed by FDR on April 14, 1935. -
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William B. Hartsfield
William B. Hartsfield was a American politician who was also Atlanta's 49th and 51st mayor. He served as mayor for six terms; 37- 61. That's longer than any other person in Atlanta's history. Hartsfield is credited with develpping Atlanta into the aviation powerhouse that it is today, "The City That is Too Busy to Hate." -
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World War 2
World War 2 was the most significant period of the 20th century.The main combats were: Nazi Germany, facist Italy, and Imperial Japan. They were up against: The Union of Soviet Socialist and United States of America. This released major leaps in technology and groundwork that permitted post-war social changes. -
Great Depresion
The Great Depresion is known as the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. It brgan soon after the stock-market crash in 1929. This casued Wall Street to panic and it wiped out millions of investors. -
Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941 just before 8 a.m. hundreds of Japanese fighter jets attacked the American Naval base at Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor is near Honalulu, Hawaii. The attack lasted for two hours, but for two hours it was one of the most devastating attacks ever. Japan managed to destroy 20 navy vessels, eight huge battleships, and more than 300 airplanes. More then 2,000 American soldiers died and 1,000 soldiers were wounded. This was the attack that brought United States into World War 2. -
Atlanta Hawks
When the team was first founded they were known as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks. They joined the National Basketball League in the 1946-1947 season. -
1946 Governor's Race
Georgia's "three governors controversy" of 1946-47, began with the death of former governor Eugene Talmadge. This was the most bizarre spectacales in the annals of American poilitcs. The Georgia General Assembly eventually settled a controversy between lieutenat governor, Melvin Thompson, and the outgoing governor, Ellis Arnall when Eugenes son Herman was elected to be the next governor. -
Brown v. Board of Education
On May 7, 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation between schools was now unconstitutional. The Brown served as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. -
Sibley Commission
The Sibley Commission was charged with gathering state residents regaurding the desegregation and reporting back the computer. The sibley Commison laid the foundation for the end of massive resistance to desegregate in the city, -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
The Student Non-Violent Corrdinating Committee, or SNCC, was created tp give younger balcks more of a voice in the Civil Rights Movement. Ella Baker, the then director of the Southern Christian Leadership Commity, or SCLC, created the first meeting for SNCC. She felt that the SCLC lead now by martin Luther Ling Jr. wasn't reaching out to as many young blacks as he wanted to. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter were the first two African Americans at the University of Georgia. Hamilton was born in Atlanta Georgia on July 7, 1941. When he was young he knew that he wanted to be a physician just like his grandfather.
Charlayne was born on February 27, 1942 in Due West, South Carolina. All her life Charlayne was interested journalism, and that is the club that she attended all high school. -
The Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was the first mass movement in the modern Civil Rights era. It put more than 1,000 Africans Americans in jail. Martin Luther King Jr. was drawn to this movement in December, a month after it started. when hundreds of balck protestors, including himself, were arrested in one week. -
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Ivan Allen Jr.
Ivan Allen Jr. was the mayor in Atlanta from 62-70. Allen is credited with leading the city through and era of significant, physical, and economic growth. He was the person that kept the city calm through the Civil Rights Movement. -
March on WAshington
On August 26, 1963 more 200,000 Africans Americans marched to the Lincoln Memorial where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech. This march was made to shed light on the political and social challenges of African Americans. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act ended segregation in public places and it also banned discrimination employment. It was first brought up by President John F. Kennedy and it survived much opposition from southern memebers of the Congress. It was then signed into law by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . -
Atlanta Falcons
The founder of the Atlanta Falcons is Rankin M. Smith. Smith was a pioneer that brought NFL to Georgia. He was the driving force that brought the biggest event in football to Georgia, the Super Bowl. -
Atlanta Braves
In 1966 the Atlanta Braves moved to Atlanta to begin the 1966 baseball league. On April 12, 1966 the Atlanta Braves played their first regular season game with a sellout crowd of more then 50,000 fans in the Atanta Stadium. -
Jimmy Carter In Georgia
Jimmy Carter was the only Georgian elected President of the United States. He was a stint in the U.S. Navy, served to terms as Senate in the General Assembly, and one term as governor of Georgia. -
Maynard Jackson Elected Mayor
Maynard Jackson was the first African American to serve as a mayor of a major southern city. He served eight years then returned and served again in 1990. -
Thomas Watson And The Populists
The Populists Party was led by a brilliant orator, Thomas E. Watson. The new party mainly appealed the white farmers. many of these farmers had been improvised by debt and low cotton prices. -
Agricultural Adjustment Act
The AGricultural Adjustment Act, also known as AAA, was an omnibus farm-relief bill embodying the schemes of the major national farm organizations. Henry Wallace had a plan that would subsidize producers of basic commodities forcutting their output. -
1996 Olympic Games
The 1996 Olympic Games lasted from July 19, 1996, to August 4, 1996. The Civic Leaders goal was to promote Atlanta's image as an international city that was ready to play an important role in global commerce. Preparations for the Olympic's took more than six years and it cost the city at least 5.14 billion dollars. -
1956 State Flag
Governor Sonny Perdue signed a Legislation that created a new flag for Georgia on March 2, 2003. This was Georgia's third flag in twenty-seven months.
