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pre-cambrian 4.5 million years ago
10 - The presence of stromatolites indicates that shallow seas covered much of earth during intervals in this period. 11 - Nearly half of the valuable mineral deposits in the world occur in the rocks this period. -
Period: to
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Geological Timescale -
Cambrian / Furongian 542 million years ago
23 - Shelled brachiopods appear. 22 - Trilobites appear. -
Ordovician 488 million years ago
30 - Colonies of tiny invertebrates call graptolites florished and vertibrates appear, fish did not have jaws or teeth and their bodies were covered with bony plates. 1 - There is very little plant life during this period. -
Silurian / Llandovery 443 million years ago
24 - Eurypterids, sea stars and coral become more common. 33 - Vascular land plants and animals, such as scorpions begin to evolve on land. -
Devonian / lochkovian 416 million years ago
37 - Age of fishes, fish can breath out of the water and spend time on land form. 31 - Huge plants begin to develop, early amphibians form. -
Carboniferous / Mississippian / Pennsylvanian 359 million years ago
2 - Swamps and forests cover the land. 4 - Giant cockroaches appear. 21 - Early reptiles resembling large lizards appear. 15 - Coal deposits form. -
Permian / Cisuralian 275 million years ago
38 - Environmental change causes mass extinction of sea invertibrates as the seas retreat. 8 - Appalachian Mountains are created because of the collision of tectonic plates and savannahs form. -
Triassic 206 million years ago
16 - Welcome to the world of the dinosaur! Enter the squirrel sized dinosaur and the first dwelling mammals appear. 34 - Ichthyosaurs are living in the ocean, new invertebrates call ammonite develop. -
Jurassic / Dogger 180 million years ago
3 - Flying reptiles called pterosaurs are in the air now. 13 - Whoa those dins are getting big and dominate the land - lizard-hipped and bird-hippedappear - carnivores and herbivores have arrived. -
Cretaceous / Gallic 127 million years ago
5 - First flowering plants appear - angiosperm. 35 - Impact hypothesis - dinosaur mass extinction. -
Paleogene / Paleocene 66 million years ago
12 - First primates evolve. 29 - Small rodents evolve. -
Paleogene / Eocene 33 million years ago
25 - World wide temperatures drop to about 4 degrees celsius. 17 - Flying squirrels, whales and bats appear. -
Tertiary / Oligocene 23 million years ago
6 - Himalayas develop due to uplifting caused by the Indian subcontinent and Eurasian continents colliding. 27 - Many early mammal become exinct, clams and snails flourish. -
Tertiary / Miocene 10 million years ago
32 - Antarctic icecaps begin to form. 36 - Mediterranean sea dries up and refills several times due to tectonic forcesa dn dropping sea levels. -
Tertiary / Pliocene 5.3 million years ago
18 - Various species migrated between continents across land bridges. 26 - First modern horses appear. -
Tertiary / Pleistocene 1.8 million years ago
20 - Species that did not evolve to survive extreme cold moved to warmer climate areas or became extinct. 9 - Homosapien appeared and are hunters. -
Tertiary / Holocene 12,000 years ago
19 - The last glacial period ended and sea levels rose, Great lakes formed. 28 - Modern human developed agriculture and used tools made of bronze and iron. -
Paleogene / Anthropocene current date
14 - There is argument as to when this epoch began, some scientist think it began with the industrial age in the early 1800's others think it began with the atomic age in the 1950's. 7 - Some scientist believe that human kind ha caused mass extinctions of planet and animal species, polluted the oceans and altered the atmosphere.
