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Abraham was born in or near the city of UR around 2150. It was very hard to find a specific date.
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Abram leaves the city of UR to go to the city of Haran.
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Abram rescues Lot from the town of Sodom.
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Ishmael was born in the year 2064 BCE. This was 11 years after Abram was in Haran. Abram was 86 years old when Ishmael was born!
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Abram gets circumcised to become Abraham. Abram makes a covenant with God and gets the new name "Abraham".
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Sodom was destroyed by God's angels.
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Isaac is born in the year 2050 BCE. Isaac was born after Abraham returned from Gerar and was born in Beersheba.
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Isaac gets married to Rebekah!
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Isaac has two sons! He has Jacob and Esau.
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Abraham dies of old age at the age of 175 years!
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The law of exodus was given to the Israelites through Moses at Mt. Sinai. The law was added to the promises because of the transgressions of the Israelites. And God warned the Israelites that if they didn't obey the laws fully that he would scatter them throughout the land.
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Kind David conquers Jerusalem.
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King David purchased the land of where the future Temple in Jerusalem would be.
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King Solomon built the Temple on the site that David (his father) has bought previously.
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The ten tribes of Israel established a separate kingdom in the north. While Judah and Benjamin had a kingdom in the south with Jerusalem as its capital.
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Under King Solomon, Israel occupied almost all the land that God promised to the offspring of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
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This is the start of the first exile and the scattering of the Jewish people had now begun.
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The survivors of the ten tribes were then taken into exile.
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The cities were destroyed, but Jerusalem was not.
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King Jehoahaz was taken captive by Egypt.
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The First Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed by the Jews were taken into exile in Babylon.
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King Cyrus made a proclamation to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem. There were only a few thousand Jews that returned to Israel after the exile, and most of them remained scattered out of the land.
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Fun Fact: The second Temple was a shadow of the former Temple, but hundreds of years later King herald would spend 46 years making it immaculate.
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The Torah was the law of Moses. it is the first of the three major divisions in the Hebrew bible that was accepted by the rabbis as authoritative.
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Israel was slowly recovering from its desolation and the first scattering. The regathering was partial and the Jews did not return from all quarters of the world.
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The Neviim – the Prophets – the second of the three major divisions of the Hebrew Bible – were added to the canon.
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The Ketuvim – the Holy Writings – the third of the three major divisions of the Hebrew Bible – were added to the canon. By the time of Jesus the full canon of Hebrew Scripture – known as the Tanach, an acronym of the Hebrew for the Law, the Prophets, and the Holy Writings – had been accepted by the Jews for hundreds of years.
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Alexander brought Greek culture and thinking, and the Greek language, to Israel and the Middle East of the time.
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The Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek.
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The Seleucid empire had succeeded Alexander. Under the rule of Antiochus, the Temple had been defiled. The Jews, led by the Maccabees, captured Jerusalem and rededicated the Temple. Jews celebrate the event with the non-biblical Feast of Dedication, also called Hanukkah. John 10:22 shows that Jesus observed this feast.
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Observant Jews were trying to live out the Law isolated from Greek influences and then the corruption of the priesthood in Jerusalem.
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Rome became the dominant power in the world and established peace through ruthless suppression of all dissent.
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Herod, and his successors, owed allegiance to Rome. Herod the Great was famous for his many building projects. The Second Temple renovations were started in 18 BC and would take 46 years, being completed after his death. The disciples of Jesus would, like everyone else, be impressed with the huge stonework but Jesus would be dismissive.
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Gentiles came to faith in Jesus in large numbers through the missionary works of the apostle Paul.
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The Romans put down the revolt with great ferocity. Hundreds of Jewish communities in Israel were destroyed. The Jews were scattered from the Promised Land for the second time.
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The Temple Mount was plowed with salt and Jews were banished from Jerusalem on pain of death.