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Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (Pisa, February 15, 1564 - Arcetri, January 8, 1642) was a physicist, philosopher, astronomer and Italian mathematician, considered the father of modern science -
Youth
During his stay in Pisa, which lasted until 1585, Galileo arrived at his first, personal discovery, the isochronism of the pendulum swings. -
In Florence
The astronomical discoveries corroborate the heliocentric theory: the existence of the phases of Venus - as well as those of Mercury, also observed by Galileo - showed that the planets revolved around the Sun Galileo, writing to Giuliano de 'Medici on 1 January 1611, stated that "Venus necessarissimamente turns around the sun, as well as Mercury and all the other planets, something quite believed by all Pittagorici, Copernicus, Kepler, and me, but not sensibly felt, as now in Venus and Mercury." -
the telescope
The evidence in support of the Copernican theory could be offered only after meticulous observations and the instrument that would have made possible had just been invented. Optics were employed Giovanni Battista Della Porta [25] in his Magia naturalis (1589) and De refractione (1593), and Kepler in Vitellionem For paralipomena, 1604, works from which it was possible to reach the construction of the telescope, but the instrument was built for the first time, regardless of those studies in the ea -
Paduan period (1592-1610)
At the University of Padua Galileo rigged, with the help of Marcantonio Mazzoleni, an artisan who lived in the same house, a small laboratory in which experiments performed and manufactured instruments sold to supplement their income. It is the machine of 1593 to bring the water to a higher level, for which he obtained a patent from the Venetian Senate twenty years for its public use. Also gave private lessons - his students were, among others, Vincenzo Gonzaga, Prince of Alsace John Frederick, -
The dispute with the Church
The Jesuits, in a first time, it showed open face of the new astronomical discoveries, but the Dominicans were the strongest opponents of Galileo, denouncing the dangers that the theories of Galileo could make the traditional doctrine of the Church. -
The controversy about comets
In November of 1618 three comets appeared in the sky, that attracted the attention and stimulated the studies of astronomers from all over Europe. The Jesuit Orazio Grassi, a mathematician at the Collegio Romano, successfully held a lecture but highly resonant, the astronomical Disputatio de tribus cometis years MDCXVIII: with it, based on some direct observations and a logical-school, he claimed the 'that comets were bodies located beyond the "heaven of the Moon" and used to validate the model -
The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
The two main systems are the Ptolemaic and Copernican three are the protagonists of the dialogue, two characters are real friends of Galileo, and which was already dead, the Florentine Filippo Salviati (1582-1614) and the Venetian Gianfrancesco Sagredo (1571 -1620), in whose house they pretend conversations held, while the third, Simplicio, implies his simplicity science. He is the supporter of the Ptolemaic system, while the opposition is supported by the Copernican Salviati, who however, ends -
The trial, sentencing and abjuration
The trial began on April 12. On 22 June, the sentence was rendered, and when he has been suspected of heresy, Galileo was sentenced to "formal imprisonment at our pleasure 'and' punishment greet" the recitation of the seven penitential psalms weekly for three years, reserving the Inquisition "moderate, change or rising of all or part of 'the pains and penances. -
Death
Il 20 dicembre del 1641 di "non volontaria brevità" è il preannuncio della morte di Galilei che sopraggiungerà 15 giorni dopo nella notte dell'8 gennaio 1642 ad Arcetri, assistito da Viviani e Torricelli. -
Death
On the night of January 8, 1642 in Arcetri, Galilei died assisted by Torricelli and Viviani.
