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1492
Christopher Columbus discovers the New World
Columbus, an Italian explorer, sails under the Spanish crown and reaches the Americas, marking the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the continent. The discovery of the Americas initiated an intense cultural and human exchange between Europe and the New World. It brought new resources such as food and raw materials. Colonial expansion was often accompanied by the Catholic missionaries playing a crucial role in spreading Christianity in the Americas. -
1556
Elizabeth I begins her reign
Elizabeth I becomes the Queen of England and rules for 45 years, during which England devolps arts, culture, and naval power, marking the Elizabethan Era. Elizabeth’s policies strengthened the power in the hands of the monarchy and creating a moderate Protestant church and affirming separation from Roman Catholic influence. -
1576
The first permanent theatre is built in London
The construction of “The Theatre” marks a significant development in the history of English drama, providing a permanent house for plays like those by Shakespeare. The theatre became an important social gathering place, attracting a wider cultural audience, with performances accessible to different social classes, spreading English language and culture. -
Charles I becomes King of England
Charles I ascends to the throne and his rule eventually leads to conflict with Parliament, his attempt to rule without Parliament created sharp political divisions, which led to the English Civil War.
Charles I was less popular with merchants and the urban middle class due to his tendency to increase taxes and impose authoritarian policies. -
The English Civil War begins
The civil war divided English society between supporters of the monarchy and Parliamentarians. Families and communities were split along political and religious lines,leading to social unrest.The conflict led to the temporary ending of the monarchy and the foundation of a republic under Oliver Cromwell,marking a significant moment in the struggle between monarchy and Parliament for power.The civil war was also a religious war,with Puritans seeking further purification of the Church of England. -
The Great Plague of London
The plague devastated the lower classes of London, leading to population changes and a greater awareness of the importance of public hygiene. The plague pushed the government to adopt more organized measures for handling public health emergencies, though it also exposed the limitations of state capacity in managing crises.Many saw the plague as divine punishment, reinforcing religious fervor and the belief in divine influenze in human affairs. -
The Great Fire of London
The Great Fire destroyed much of London but provided an opportunity to rebuild the city with new urban standards, improving living conditions for many citizens. The disaster highlighted the need for more efficient urban management and led to reforms in public infrastructure. The rebuilding of London strengthened the power of monarchy.Some viewed the fire as a sign of divine punishment, but it also led to greater cooperation between various religious groups in the effort to rebuild the capital.