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Period: Jun 23, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
Henry VIII reign
During his reign, Henry VII decided to break with catholicism to be able to divorced his wife, Catherine of Aragon. He declared that his marriage was doomed because she was first the wife of his brother (who died), and also because she couldn't give him a male heir.
He had six wives in total, with whom he had two girls, Mary and Elizabeth, and a son, Edward. -
1517
The Ninety Five Theses
The Ninety Five Theses is a text written by Marthin Luther. In this text, he denouced the gaps of the Catholic Churh about the Indulgences and how they make money out of it. It is important to say that he was a monk but still did not agree with this type of fonctionnement, mostly because one of the most important vow in Catholicism was poverty. In 1521, he was excommunicated and declared as an heretic.
Protestantism emerged from his tetxs, adding other differences with the Catholic Church. -
1526
New Testament in english
The New Testament in english is one of the new protestant element. It allows everyone to understand and read it, and it is not longer reserved for priests. -
1534
The Act of Supremacy (schism)
The Act of Supremacy pointed the beggining of the schism.
Henry VII chose Protestantism over Catholicism to be able to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon. It also allowed him to remary, which he did with Ann Boleyn, a lady-in-waiting of Catherine of Aragon.
However, it created a lot of tension inside the country, but also in the international connections with other countries. This Act declared the king of England as the supreme head of the Church. -
1536
Disparition of monasteries
Monasteries were considered as "bastion of popery". All small monasteries disappeared because of the king directive. The Crown appropriated lands, and valuables were confiscated and/or melted down. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Rebeillons
The Reformation and the burning of monasteries created rebeillons in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. It lasted 6 months. They demanded the restoration of the Pope and Mary Tudor as heir. Economic grievances were also a reason of these rebeillons.
As repression, the Crown decided to do public hangings -
1537
English Bible
In that year, the English Bible became mandatory in every church, for the faithful to be able to understand the mass. -
Period: Jan 24, 1547 to Jul 6, 1553
edward VI reign
Edward VI was the son of Henry VII and his third wife, Jane Seymour.
He sat on the throne at only nine years old, so his uncle, Edward Seymour (duke of Somerset), was the Lord-protector of England . However, Edward VI kept the path of his father to install Protestantism.
He died in 1553 at 15 years old because of tuberculosis, with Mary Tudor as heir. -
1549
Book of Common Prayers
The Book of Common Prayers appeared after the revision of the mass-book. Roman Catholic practises were eradicated. It allowed the clergy to get married. It led to rebeillons in Cornwall and Devon. -
Period: Jul 6, 1553 to Nov 17, 1558
mary I reign
Mary I, surnamed Bloody Mary was the first daughter of henry VII. As the daughter of Catherine of Aragon, she was raised in a catholic environment because of her french origins. She was married to the king Philip II of Spain, a Catholic king and a catholic empire. She restored Catholicism in 18 months.
During her reign, she put back Catholicism as the national religion. However, in order to make it happen, she killed around 200 people in only 3 years ! It explains her surname 'Bloody Mary'. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Elizabeth I reign
Elizabeth I was the second daughter of Henry VII with Ann Boelyn. As her mother, Elizabeth was Protestant so she instaured back Protestantism as national religion. She replied "I will follow God's will" at her dying sister imploring her to follow her steps. She was called 'the Virgin Quenn' because she never got married.
She tried to make a compromise keeping catholic elements and adding protestantism elements ("Via Media") to keep the type of protestantism from her father : Anglicanism. -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
This Act declared that the Book of Common Prayers has to be used in every parish. People were fined if they were not attenting at least one Anglican service per week. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy
In this Act, the Pope's authority was, once again, abolished to put the Queen's Authority instead. Elizabeth became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England". -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 Articles of Faith
These articles instaured the new doctrine of the Church. In this document, 3 elements are complete changes : a new ecclesiology was defined, a new doctrine of Salvation was established, and a new definition of Sacraments and the mass took place. -
1569
The Nothern rebeillon
The population was against all these new religious reforms. It led to rebeillons of 6 000 insurgents in Westmorland and Nothumberland. They attempt to replace Elizabteh by Mary Queen of Scots, her cousin. -
1570
Papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis'
At first, as she tolerated Catholic communities, the pope Pius V didn't thought much of it. However, seeing how Elizabeth decided to eradicated Catholics, he decided to excommunate Elizabeth. In his bull, he described ELizabeth as "a heretic favouring heretics" and "the so-called Queen". He allowed catholics to kill her and promised to them that it will not be considered as a crime to kill her. Many tried to kill her with different plots however none succeeded. -
1571
The Treasons Act
In reponse to the Pope, Elizabeth instaured this Act declaring that it would be a treason for anyone saying she was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
1581
The 1581 Act
The 1581 Act provided for the death penalty for any person converting or already converted to Catholicsm. It also forbade to participate or celebrate any of the Catholic mass. It declared Anglicans services as compulsory : £20 per month fine if not attending.
It led to 163 dead in 26 years of repression. -
Mary Stuart's death
Elizabeth never married so she never had a child for heir. Her heir was then her cousin, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. However, Mary was catholic so Elizabeth was scared that Mary would bring back Catholicism in England. For 19 years, Elizabeth kept Mary under her close watch. She was emprisoned. during these 19 years, many advisors tried convincing Elizabeth to kill Mary but she was reluctant do to so, until the Babington plot which planned to kill Elizabeth, plot in which Mary was involved. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
Philip II, the catholic King of Spain, decided to invade England because Elizabeth supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain. He sent the "Invicible Armada", only did he knew that england built a entire new fleet, based on a fish's design. This fleet was composed of 800 ships and used the incendiary strategy. They recruted a lot of sailors to help during the battle. A storm happened in the North of Ireland / the West of England and used it to say it was God wanting them to win this naval battle. -
union of england and ireland