Frise histoire britannique (1534-1801)

By jade.faureabuzaideh@gmail.com
  • 1517

    Martin Luther writing the Ninety-Five Theses

  • 1526

    The Tyndale Bible

    The New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
  • Period: 1532 to 1539

    Dissolution of monasteries

    Monasteries were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land (and at the time, Church owned 25% of the land).
    The valuables were confiscated and melted down (gold, precious objects that were in monasteries, …).

    By 1536, all the smaller monasteries had disappeared and the greater ones followed two years later.
  • 1533

    Act of Restraint of Appeals

    Gave the King the legal power to annul marriages
  • 1533

    Act of Succession

    Henry VIII married Anne Beleyn, so he created the Act of Succession, which made Anne Boleyn a legitimate Queen
  • 1534

    Separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church

  • 1534

    Act of supremacy

    The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”
  • Period: 1534 to 1537

    Pilgrimage of Grace

  • 1537

    Permission was given for an English Bible

    They were soon made mandatory in every church
  • Period: 1545 to 1563

    Council of Trent

    Council of Trent was held in the Italian city of Trent (the symbol of Counter Reformation)
    - the Roman catholic church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church
    - and harshly condemned protestant heresies
  • 1549

    Book of Common prayer

  • 1559

    The Act of Uniformity

    Religious belief
    - every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
    - people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined
  • 1559

    The Act of Supremacy by Elizabeth I

    Elizabeth I created a new Church organization :
    - abolished the authority of the Pope
    - restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
    - She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”
  • Period: 1561 to 1571

    The 39 articles of faith

    • stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
    • 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of salvation (doctrine of salut) / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
    • still in use today
  • 1569

    The Northern Rebellion

    The Northern Rebellion is a rebellion against religious reforms, 6000 insurgents, an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots.
  • 1570

    Pope Pius V papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”

    Pope Pius V issued the papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis” :
    - it called Elizabeth “The so-called queen” and “a heretic favoring heretics”. It also excommunicated Elizabeth. This papal bull was almost giving Catholics license to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome.
  • 1571

    Treasons Act

    → In response to the papal bull, Elizabeth I wrote the Treasons Act.
  • 1581

    The 1581 Act

    • It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
    • It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
    • Anglican services were compulsory : £20 per month fine → 163 persons killed during repression in 26 years (1557-1603)

  • The Babington plot

    Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Mary Stuart and this group.

  • The execution of Mary Queen of Scots

    Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death. She was executed in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the color of Catholic martyrs.

  • Speech to the troops at Tilbury

    The queen made this speech in Tilbury, Essex, in order to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada

  • The Defeat of the Spanish Armada

  • King James I of England coronation

    King James I of England and VI of Scotland was crowned king of england 1603 after Elizabeth’s death.

  • The Gunpowder Plot

    A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and James I.

  • The “Great Contract”

    The King would receive a fixed sum. But some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments anymore to get money. So the House of Commons refused to vote in favour of the Great Contract, and James dismissed Parliament.

  • the King’s James bible

    → James was presented with the millenary petition (signed by a thousand church ministers). But the only important change he made was a new bible 
  • Period: to

    The Thirty years’ war

  • Death of James I

  • Petition of Rights

    They requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.

  • the Three Resolutions

    The MPs declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” of to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom, as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent. Charles imprisoned these Mps and dissovled parliament and declared that there would be no more parliaments
  • Period: to

    Personal rule

    11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament ; Whig historians called it “The Eleven Years Tyranny”
  • Period: to

    The Scottish Crisis

  • Scottish opposition to the Book of Common Prayer

    Scottish opposition came to the boil when Charles I attempted to impose a New prayer Book (Book of Common Prayer)

  • The Irish Rebellion

    An armed revolt broke out in ireland: The Irish Rebellion

  • The Grand Remonstrance of 1641

    The Grand Remonstrance is an important document voted by Parliament after heated debates. It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands :
    the right of the house of commons to choose the King’s ministers, the right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland and the right for Parliament to reform the Church

  • The Militia Act

    Parliament passed the Militia Act
  • Period: to

    The civil wars

  • The arrest of 5 MPs

    Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest the 5 MPs
    → Breach of privilege, which showed there could be no peace between King and Parliament!
    → Fearing for his life, Charles left London for York.
    Parliament presented 19 Propositions to the King (extreme: Charles as a constitutional monarch)

  • Declaration of war on Parliament by Charles I

    Charles formally declared war on Parliament.
  • Period: to

    The First Civil War and the victory of Parliament

  • The King escaped from army custody and allied with the Scots

    The King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots (he promised to introduce Presbyterianism/Calvinism into England, in return the Scottish army would invade England and restore him to power)
  • Period: to

    The Commonwealth

  • Period: to

    The Second Civil War and the execution of the King

  • Abolition of monarchy

    A law abolished monarchy (described as “unnecessary burdensome and dangerous”), so the House of Commons had supreme authority and England was declared a Commonwealth, ruled as a Republic.

  • Declaration of the Commonwealth

    Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic)

  • Massacre of the Irish Royalist troops and civilians in Drogheda

  • Period: to

    The Interregnum

    The inbetween of 2 reigns, between 2 Kings

  • The execution of King Charles I

  • Blasphemy Act

  • Defeat of the Scots Army against Cromwell

    Cromwell defeated the Scots Army, and crushed the uprising of the Scots Royalist force led by Charles II in 1651. - Charles II escaped.
  • Period: to

    The Cromwellian Protectorate

    The Protectorate was a Military Dictatorship, similar to a monarchy without a King

  • Death of Cromwell

  • The Restoration.

    King restored 29 May 1660

  • The Act of uniformity

    All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer

  • Outbreak of Plague

  • Great Fire of London

  • The Popish Plot of 1678

    Rumor of a plot organized by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic Brother James II. There was a fear of James as king would implement pro-Catholic politics + might try to restore absolute monarchy, threatening Parliament (Just look at Louis XIV : absolute monarch = persecution of protestants)
  • Period: to

    The 1678-1681 Political crisis

  • Period: to

    The Exclusion crisis, 1679-1681

    • Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne
    • Charles’ reaction: dissolving the Parliament Charles II died in 1685 and was successfully replaced by his brother James II

  • The Toleration Act

    It established religious pluralism and freedom of worship for all Protestants

  • The Bill of Rights

    It listed King James’ misdeeds, and fixed limitations on the sovereign’s power.

  • The Act of Settlement

    The 1701 Act of Settlement ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs. It put an end to the 16th and 17th quarrel between King and Parliament. A new balance of powers in favor of Parliament.

  • Act of Union between England and Scotland

    Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland, old dream of James I.