-
1517
Martin Luther writing the Ninety-Five Theses
-
1526
The Tyndale Bible
The New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale -
Period: 1532 to 1539
Dissolution of monasteries
Monasteries were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land (and at the time, Church owned 25% of the land).
The valuables were confiscated and melted down (gold, precious objects that were in monasteries, …).
By 1536, all the smaller monasteries had disappeared and the greater ones followed two years later. -
1533
Act of Restraint of Appeals
Gave the King the legal power to annul marriages -
1533
Act of Succession
Henry VIII married Anne Beleyn, so he created the Act of Succession, which made Anne Boleyn a legitimate Queen -
1534
Separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church
-
1534
Act of supremacy
The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England” -
Period: 1534 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
-
1537
Permission was given for an English Bible
They were soon made mandatory in every church -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
Council of Trent was held in the Italian city of Trent (the symbol of Counter Reformation)
- the Roman catholic church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church
- and harshly condemned protestant heresies -
1549
Book of Common prayer
-
1559
The Act of Uniformity
Religious belief
- every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
- people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined -
1559
The Act of Supremacy by Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I created a new Church organization :
- abolished the authority of the Pope
- restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
- She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
Period: 1561 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
- stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
- 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of salvation (doctrine of salut) / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
- still in use today
-
1569
The Northern Rebellion
The Northern Rebellion is a rebellion against religious reforms, 6000 insurgents, an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots. -
1570
Pope Pius V papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”
Pope Pius V issued the papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis” :
- it called Elizabeth “The so-called queen” and “a heretic favoring heretics”. It also excommunicated Elizabeth. This papal bull was almost giving Catholics license to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. -
1571
Treasons Act
→ In response to the papal bull, Elizabeth I wrote the Treasons Act. -
1581
The 1581 Act
- It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
- It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
- Anglican services were compulsory : £20 per month fine → 163 persons killed during repression in 26 years (1557-1603)
-
The Babington plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Mary Stuart and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
-
Mary Queen of Scorts' execution
Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death. She was executed in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the color of Catholic martyrs. -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
The queen made this speech in Tilbury, Essex, in order to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada