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Royal Proclamation and Treaty of Paris / Historical Significance(HS)-This is when both English and French people colonized Canada.
The Treaty of Paris ended the 7 year war. The Royal Proclamation was a document which determined the guidelines set by the Britain for the Aboriginal territories (North America) by King George III. The English were done fighting and gave the French some of the land. The Proclamation stated that the first nations land will exist, and no settlers can claim their land unless it was bought by the king and sold to the settlers.1763 was the year when the French and English came and colonized Canada. -
Conscription Crisis / HS- This is when the French started to become angry as they knew the Canadian government would have to send over more Canadians to fight in wars for Britain.
In the beginning of WWI the government did not have a problem with conscription. By 1916, word would get out about how horrible the conditions at the front were. Some ways the information could have gotten out were by newspapers, telegrams, and wounded veterans who had to return home. By 1917, 30,000 people have died, this resulted in conscription campaigns falling short, so many soldiers lost in battle and Britain needing more men from Canada. -
The Military Service Act / HS- PM Borden promised no conscription for Canadians, but could not keep his promise causing many angry Canadians and it created the Military Service Act which included conscription.
At the start of WWI PM Robert Borden promised Canadians there would be no conscription.Yet with the growing need of men and pressure from Britain, Borden knew he had to send more troops. In 1917 he introduced the Military Service Act which included conscription. In this new law, there were some people who were exempt of war such as the disabled, those with essential jobs, those who did not believe in violence and the clergy. There were people who supported this law and those who did not. -
The Khaki Election of 1917 / HS- The french continued their protest to separate from Canada as many people did not trust Borden because he lied in the past. He was able to gain the support of those in the military and won the election causing conscription
Due to the emotion of the conscription crisis, Borden had to try and gain votes.The Military Voters Act was found saying Canadians serving the military were able to vote.Then the Wartime Elections Act was found, saying all Canadian women related to service man are able to vote.The main purpose was to gain support from the people in the military.People did not trust Borden as he lied in the past causing the french to continue their protest.PM Borden won the election and conscription took place. -
Quebec and The Duplessis Era (La Grande Noirceur) / HS- Duplessis wanted nothing to do with English speaking people and believed strongly in the Catholic Church. This caused the Church to run everything. Duplessis lied and Quebec made no improvement.
The Duplessis era was in the 1930s to the 1940s.He wanted the Federal government to stay out of their business and wanted to drive Quebec's economy.He refused the Federal money for education programs and health care. The Catholic Church was in charge of schools and hospitals, and orphanages were put into the hands of hospitals.In this era there was a dark side where secrets were kept.The province made no social,economic or political advancement, as there were bribes to keep people in power. -
Conscription Again (WWII) / HS- Quebec was frustrated with conscription so Canada held a referendum to ask the people what they think of conscription. People were for conscription causing Quebec to be outraged.
Conscription became a very popular topic especially regarding the French-English relations.With a frustrated Quebec, the King's decision was to hold a referendum and ask the people what they prefer.4 million people voted resulting in a majority supporting conscription.9 out of 10 provinces voted (Inuits lived in North and weren't allowed to vote)Quebec was the only one to vote no and were outraged.16,000 Canadians were sent overseas.The french recognized the King for avoiding conscription again. -
The Richard Riots / HS- This event with Maurice Richard caused riots as the French launched a movement of French Nationalism.
Maurice Richard is a famous Montreal Canadian hockey player who was suspend for the season on March 17th, 1955 as he hit a linesman during a game. The English were fine with this penalty, but the French were not happy and thought it was to harsh. During the first home game, Clarence Campell (President of National Hockey) attended the game even with threats not to go. Tear gas was thrown into the stands and launched a real movement of French Nationalism. The game did not finish. -
The Quiet Revolution / HS- Duplessis died and Jean Lesage became in power for Quebec. He turned things around and Quebec started to improve economically and move forward. Yet they still were for separation as they wanted to be seen as a distinct society
Duplessis died and a new provincial liberal leader came to power under Jean Lesage. He promised to be honest with the people and give the French control over their future.The French wanted more control over affairs, and became a more liberal Quebec. People turned their back on the Catholic Church and the government started producing results. One major result was Nationalizing (Publicated) Hydroelectric utilities which created Hydro Quebec.Yet Quebec still wanted to be seen as a distinct society. -
The Birth of Separatism + The FLQ / HS-Quebec was more impatient, would never be treated equally as the English. A terrorist group called the FLQ was formed as they wanted a free Quebec killing 6 people. Then the French president came and fueled the fire.
1960s-1970s.During these years Quebec began to ask many questions such as,Why is Ottawa so English speaking?They believed that as long as Quebec was with Canada, they would never be treated equally.Between 1963 and 1970 a terrorist group was formed for a Free Quebec.They set many bombs mostly in Montreal killing 6 people and wounding many others. In 1967, the French President came to Quebec and said,"Vive le Quebec Libre." The French were extremely happy, yet the english speaking were outraged. -
The October Crisis / HS- This event was a terrible one as the FLQ wanted their message to be spread for a free Quebec and kidnapped 2 government officials causing a greater tension between the french and english. La Parti Quebecois was created
The October Crisis is the name given to a series of events that centered around the kidnapping of two government officials by the FLQ, which was a French separatist group in Montreal during October 1970. The events were caused from tensions between the french and english, Quebec feeling to controlled from the english and the French presidents speech, Vive le Quebec Libre. The consequences were that the FLQ became violent, still seeking independence and La Parti Quebecois was created. -
The Bills,Rene and the Parti Quebecois + The First Referendum / HS- Bill 22 and 101 was created causing English speaking Quebeckers angry.Canada became more aware of the French language as most things in Quebec were french. Quebec lost their 1 referendum.
1976 Rene Levesque became in power and his main aim was to separate Quebec from Canada, causing a shockwave throughout the region.1974,Bill 22 was put in place which proclaimed French as the official language for public services in Quebec.1977, Bill 101 was found. It said French was to be used in the government and businesses.It became the official language for workspaces and many of the english speaking Quebeckers were outraged and moved.1980 a referendum was called for a separation but lost. -
Night of the Long Knives (NOTLK) and Round 2 of the referendum / HS- The french and english relations were strained and Quebec did not sign the constitution act. Trudeau and Levesque were not able to work together and Quebec lost their 2 referendum.
NOTLK started in the 1980s where PM Trudeau tried to bring home a list of new rules instead of working out the French relations with Rene Levesque.8 Premiers disliked Trudeau's idea,yet Trudeau threatened to go to Britain without them to get the constitution signed by the queen.1982 the constitution act was signed,yet Quebec was left out and still have not signed it to this day.Out of this act the notwithstanding clause was introduced.In 1995, Quebec had another referendum to separate but lost.
